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chapter 8-10

term/def

Question	Answer
earthquake	movements of the ground due to sudden release of energy
focus	point in earth's interior where the earthquake occurred
seismic waves	waves of energy released by an earth quake
epicenter	point on earth's surface directly above the focus
elastic rebound	sudden return of deformed rock back to undeformed shape
body waves	seismic waves that move through the inside (body) of earth
p waves	push-pull body waves
s waves	side-to-side body waves
surface waves	seismic waves that move on earth's surface
seismograph	all seismic waves are recorded on a
seismogram	pen traces vibrations onto a moving drum of a paper to create a
richter scale	numerical scale based on height of the largest seismic wave
moment magnitude scale	only useful for small, shallow quakes
modified mercalli scale	roman number scale that measure the intesity created by an earthquake
liquefaction	where soil and rock are saturated with water, earthquakes
tsunami	is a wave formed when the ocean floor shifts suddenly during an earthquake
seismic gap	an area along a fault where there has not been any earthquake activity for a long period of time
crust	thin, rocky outer layer of earths is divided into oceanic and continental
mantle	over 82% of earths volume is contained in the mantle a solid, rocky shell that extends to depth of 2890 kilometers
outer core	layer beneath the mantle about 2260 kilometers thick, liquid iron and generates earths magnetic field
inner core	are compressed into a solid state by the immense pressure
moho	is the boundary separating the crust from the mantle, discernible by an increase in the the velocity of seismic waves
ring of fire	volcano belt that rims the pacific ocean
hot spot	volcanic areas far from plate boundaries
viscosity	a measure of fluids resistance to flow
vent	an opening in the surface of earth through which molten rock and gasses and released
pyroclastic material	the volcanic rock ejected during an eruption including ash bombs and blocks
volcano	opening that allows magma to escape to the surface
crater	the depression at the summit of a volcano or that which is produced by a meteorite impact
shield volcano	a broad gently sloping volcano built from fluid basaltic lavas
cinder cone	a small volcano built primarily of pyroclastic material ejected from a single vent
composite volcano	composed of and pyroclastic both lava flows material
caldera	large depression typically caused by collapes or ejection of the summit area of a volcano
lahar	mudflow made up of water-soaked volcanic ash and rock
plution	intrusive igneous structure that results from the cooling and hardening of magma beneath the surface of earth
sill	igneous body formed when magma is injected along sedimentary bedding surfaces
laccolith	a massive igneous body intruded between preexisting strata
dike	tabular-shaped intrusive igneous feature that occurs when magma is injected into fractures in the surrounding rocks, cutting across preexisting rock layers
batholith	a large mass of igneous rock that formed when magma intruded at depth, became crystallized, and subsequently was exposed by erosion

Created by: 2007903

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