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Chapter 13
European Middle Ages
Question | Answer |
---|---|
What were three roots of medieval culture in Western Europe? | Classical heritage of Rome, customs of various germanic tribes, belief of the Roman Catholic Church |
What are three ways that civilization in Western Europe declined after the Roman Empire fell? | Disruption of trade, downfall of cities, population shifts |
What was the most important achievement of Pope Gregory I? | Made papacy a secular power l, used church funds to raise armies, repair roads and help the poor |
How was the relationship between a Frankish King and the pope beneficial to both? | They both supported each other. The Frankish rulers spread Christianity through conquest with the blessing of the pope and the Church. |
Why was Charles Martel's victory at the Battle of Tours so important for Christianity? | It prevented western Europe from becoming part of the Muslim Empire |
What was Charlemagne's greatest achievement? Give reasons for your answer. | The encouragement of learning. |
What groups invaded Europe in the 800's? | The Vikings from the north, the Magyars and Muslims from the East and South |
What obligations did a peasant have to the lord of the manor? | All peasants, owed the lord certain duties. These included at least a few days of labor each week a certain portion of their grain, taxes on all the grain ground at the lords mill, a tax on marriage and a tithe, or tax paid to the church |
What were the three social classes of the feudal system? | 1. Those who fought - nobles and knights 2. Those who prayed - men and women of the church 3. Those who worked - the peasants |
How were the Vikings different from earlier Germanic groups that invaded Europe? | They carried out their raids with terrifying speed and then moved out to sea again |
How was a manor largely self-sufficient both militarily and economically during the early Middle Ages? | The lord provided the serfs with housing, farmland and protection from bandits. In return the surfs tended the lord's land, cared for his animals and performed other tasks to maintain the estate. and they paid their lord taxes. |
What benefits do you think a medieval manor provided to the serfs who lived their? | Privilege of living on the land. Serfs accepted their lot in life as part of the Church's teachings. They believed that God determined a person's place in society |