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64. Planetary orbits:
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65. What might have made the original solar nebula begin to contract?
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Astronomy
Test 2 (64-126)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 64. Planetary orbits: | are almost circular, with low eccentricities. |
| 65. What might have made the original solar nebula begin to contract? | the shock wave from a nearby exploding star |
| 66. Our best close-up views of the jovian moons came from the many passes by: | Galileo. |
| 67. Which of these is not a characteristic of the solar nebula theory? | Larger planets should form closer to their star, where there is more debris. |
| 68. Our understanding of the solar system has come in a way that can best be described as: | explosive, with us learning more in the past few decades than in all previous history. |
| 69. Objects in the Kuiper belt: | lie beyond the orbit of Neptune, and close to the ecliptic. |
| 70. According to the planetary migration model, the jovian planets are thought to have formed: | further from the Sun than they are now |
| 71. Which of the following is not icy in composition? | asteroids |
| 72. Which of the following are the Jovian planets? | Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune only |
| 73. The moons of the jovian planets formed by which two processes? | Accretion and capture |
| 74. The Kuiper Belt is an "outer asteroid belt" consisting of what types of solar system bodies? | icy cometlike bodies |
| 75. As a rotating gas cloud contracts, it spins | faster due to conservation of angular momentum. |
| 76. Which characteristic listed below describes the jovian planets? | low density |
| 77. The Kuiper Belt is: | a band of icy planetesimals found beyond Neptune's orbit |
| 78. The Kuiper Belt is found where in the solar system? | beyond the orbit of Neptune |
| 79. What factor caused different planets to form out of different types of material? | The variation in temperature throughout the solar nebula; the higher the temperature, the lower the percentage of light elements in the forming planet. |
| 80. Which of the following is not icy in composition? | asteroids |
| 81. In composition and mass and density, Jupiter is most like: | the Sun |
| 82. Which of these bodies has the lowest density? | a comet |
| 83. The average density of each planet in the solar system is determined by taking its mass and dividing that by its | volume |
| 84. As the solar nebula contracts it | spins faster due to conservation of angular momentum. |
| 85. Our understanding of the solar system has come in a way that can best be described as: | explosive, with us learning more in the past few decades than in all previous history. |
| 86. The planet's orbital period is: | the time it takes to return to the same location in the sky, relative to the Sun. |
| 87. The rotation periods of Venus, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune are difficult to determine because | their surface features are obscured by their atmospheres. |
| 88. What is the goal of comparative planetology? | to determine the origin and evolution of the solar system |
| 89. Planetary orbits: | are almost circular, with low eccentricities |
| 90. Which planet by itself contains the majority of mass of all the planets? | Jupiter |
| 91. In the conventional scenario, during phase of planet formation caused the jovian planets to form? | Core-accretion |
| 92. What is true about solar system densities? | The denser planets lie closer to the Sun. |
| 93. In order to determine the mass of a planet by applying Newton's laws of motion and gravity, the planet must have | moons |
| 94. Which of these spacecraft went into orbit about Saturn in July 2004? | Cassini |
| 95. Most asteroids are found: | between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter |
| 96. Mercury's most unusual orbital feature, as compared to the other planets, is | the shape of its orbit. |
| 97. Dust is an important part of the nebular theory of solar system formation because dust is needed to explain | how the inner planets came to be rocky bodies. |
| 98. Objects in the Kuiper belt: | lie beyond the orbit of Neptune, and close to the ecliptic |
| 99. A gravitational "sling-shot": | changes the speed and direction of a spacecraft nearing a massive planet. |
| 100. Our best close-up views of the jovian moons came from the many passes by: | Galileo. |
| 101. Which of the following is considered "interplanetary matter"? | Comet Hale-Bopp |
| 102. What is the process of accretion? | growth of an object by the accumulation of matter |
| 103. Masses of the planets are easiest to determine if: | they have natural satellites whose motions can be precisely measured. |
| 104. What event triggered the dramatic increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration seen over the last couple of centuries? | The Industrial Revolution |
| 105. When water vapor condenses out at the cool tops of convection cells, what happens? | Clouds form |
| 106. At what phase would tidal variation be the least during the entire day? | first quarter |
| 107. The relative size of the mantle of Earth compared to the solid inner core of Earth is most similar to | the meat of a cherry as compared to the pit of the cherry. |
| 108. A region where a denser basaltic plate is subducted under a continental one is: | the Nazca Trench. |
| 109. The relative size of the atmosphere layer as compared to the solid part of Earth is most similar to | the skin of a grape as compared to the meat of the grape. |
| 110. The oldest rocks on our crust are radioactively dated at about: | four billion years old. |
| 111. In noting that our world is "differentiated," we mean that: | the iron and nickel core is denser than the silicate mantle and crust. |
| 112. In what scenario is the blue component of incoming sunlight is scattered much more than any other color component? | when the sun is high in the sky |
| 113. Which of these gases are outgassed from our volcanic eruptions? | water vapor, methane, carbon dioxide. |
| 114. The region around Earth where the magnetic field traps charged particles is the: | Van Allen Radiation Belts. |
| 115. What is the hole in the ozone layer is thought to be caused by? | CFCs |
| 116. The principal greenhouse gases in our present atmosphere are: | water vapor and carbon dioxide. |
| 117. Like other solid bodies in the solar system, Earth's surface was kept molten by | bombardment by small bodies. |
| 118. Almost all of our atmospheric gases lie in the: | troposphere. |
| 119. Which statement about seismic waves is true? | P waves travel faster, and thus arrive sooner than do the S waves. |
| 120. Which parts of the Sun's radiation are responsible for heating Earth's surface? | the visible and the infrared |
| 121. What can we conclude about the structure of Earth's interior knowing that the average density of Earth is higher than the average density of the rock on the continents and seafloor? | that Earth's most dense material must be beneath the surface |
| 122. Earth's magnetic field: | prevents charged particles in the solar wind from reaching the surface. |
| 123. Why is the sky blue? | the atmosphere scatters the light from the Sun |
| 124. Which body has the greatest gravitational pull on Earth? | the Sun |
| 125. Without the greenhouse effect operating in our atmosphere | Earth would have an average temperature of -23 degrees Celsius. |
| 126. In what part of our atmosphere do we live? | troposphere |
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