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Chapter 4-Abdomen
Chapter 4-Abdomen-Positioning Workbook
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The two large muscles that are found in the posterior abdomen adjacent to the lumbar vertebra and are usually visible on an AP radiograph are called ..... | Psoas Muscles |
| The medical prefix for stomach is... | Gastro |
| List the three parts of the small intestine | Duodenum Jejunum Ileum |
| Which portion of the small intestine is considered to be the longest... | ileum |
| The large intestine begins in the .... quadrant with a saclike area called the .... | Right Lower Cecum |
| The Sigmoid colon is located between the .... and .... of the large intestine | Descending Colon Rectum |
| List the three accessory digestive organs | Pancreas Liver Gallbladder |
| The pancreas is located .... to the stomach | Posteriorly |
| Which one of the following organs is NOT directly associated with the digestive system? A.)Gallbladder B.)Spleen C.)Jejunum D.)Pancreas | B.)Spleen |
| Which one of the following organs is considered to be part of the lymphatic system? A.)Liver B.)Spleen C.)Pancreas D.)Gallbladder | B.)Spleen |
| Why is the right kidney found in a more inferior position than the left kidney? | Presence of the liver on the right |
| Which endocrine glands are superomedial to each kidney? | Suprarenals (adrenal) |
| The correct term for the radiographic study of the urinary system is intravenous pyelogram (IVP). True or False | False |
| The double-walled membrane lining the abdominpelvic cavity is called the... | Peritoneum |
| The organs located posteriorly, or behind, the serous membrane lining of the abdominopelvic cavity are referred to as... | Retroperitoneal |
| Which one of the following structures helps stabilize and support the small intestine? A.)Omentum B.)Peritoneum C.)Viscera D.)Mesentery | D.)Mesentery |
| Which one of the following structures is a double fold of peritoneum that connects the transverse colon to the greater curvature of the stomach? A.)Mesocolon B.)Greater Omentum C.)Lesser Omentum D.) Mesentery | B.)Greater Omentum |
| Match the following structures to the correct location of the peritoneum... Liver | Intraperitoneum |
| Match the following structures to the correct location of the peritoneum...Urinary Bladder | Infraperitoneum |
| Match the following structures to the correct location of the peritoneum...Kidneys | Retroperitoneum |
| Match the following structures to the correct location of the peritoneum...Spleen | Intraperitoneum |
| Match the following structures to the correct location of the peritoneum...Ovaries | Infraperitoneum |
| Match the following structures to the correct location of the peritoneum...Duodenum | Retroperitoneum |
| Match the following structures to the correct location of the peritoneum...Transverse Colon | Intraperitoneum |
| Match the following structures to the correct location of the peritoneum...Testes | Infraperitoneum |
| Match the following structures to the correct location of the peritoneum...Adrenal Gland | Retroperitoneum |
| Match the following structures to the correct location of the peritoneum...Stomach | Intraperitoneum |
| Match the following structures to the correct location of the peritoneum...Pancreas | Retroperitoneum |
| Match the following structures to the correct location of the peritoneum...Ascending and Descending Colon | Retroperitoneum |
| For each of the following, identify the correct abdominal quadrant in which the organ is found...Liver | RUQ |
| For each of the following, identify the correct abdominal quadrant in which the organ is found...Spleen | LUQ |
| For each of the following, identify the correct abdominal quadrant in which the organ is found...Sigmoid Colon | LLQ |
| For each of the following, identify the correct abdominal quadrant in which the organ is found...Left Colic Flexure | LUQ |
| For each of the following, identify the correct abdominal quadrant in which the organ is found...Stomach | LUQ |
| For each of the following, identify the correct abdominal quadrant in which the organ is found...Appendix | RLQ |
| For each of the following, identify the correct abdominal quadrant in which the organ is found...Two-Thirds of jejunum | LUQ |
| What is the correct name for the abdominal region found directly in the middle of the abdomen? A.)Epigastric B.)Inguinal C.)Umbilical D.)Pubic | C.)Umbilical |
| Which one of the following abdominal regions contains the rectum? A.)Pubic B.)Inguinal C.)Umbilical D.)Epigastric E.)Hypochondriac F.)Lumbar | A.)Pubic |
| The superior margin of the greater tronchanter is about...inches...(superior or inferior) to the level of the symphysis pubis? | 1.5 inches Superior |
| The ischial tuberosity is about...inches..(superior or inferior) to the symphysis pubis? | 1.5 inches Inferior |
| Which topographic landmark corresponds to the inferior margin of the abdomen and is formed by the anterior junction of the tow pelvic bones? | Symphysis Pubis |
| Which topographic landmark is found at the level of L2-L3? | Inferior Costal Margin |
| The iliac crest is at the level of the...? | L4-L5 vertebra |
| What are the two causes of voluntary motion? | Patient breathing Patient movement |
| Voluntary motion can best be prevented by? | Careful Breathing Instruction |
| What is the primary cause of involuntary motion? | Peristaltic action of the bowel |
| What is the best mechanism to control involuntary motion? | Use the shortest exposure time possible |
| Because the liver margin is visible in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen, it is not necessary to place a right or left anatomic side marker on the cassette before exposure? (True or False) | False |
| Gonadal shielding should not be used during abdomen radiography if? A.)It obscures essential anatomy B.)The patient requests that it not be used C.)The technologist dose no elect to use it D.)The patient is 40 years or older | A.)It obscures essential anatomy |
| For an adult abdomen, a collimation margin must be visible on all four sides of the radiograph? (True or False) | False |
| Gonadal shielding for...may be impossible for studies of the lower abdominpelvic region? A.)Males B.)Females C.)Both males and females D.)Small children | B.)Females |
| Gonadal shielding for females involves placing the top of the shield at or slightly above the level of the....,with the bottom at the.... | ASIS Symphysis Pubis |
| Which one of the following exposure factors would be most ideal for an AP abdomen of a small to average size adult? A.)110kV,200mA,1/4 seconds,40-SID B.)85kV,300mA,1/5 second,40-SID C.)75kV,600mA,1/30 second,40-SID D.)60kV,400mA,1/15 second,40-SID | C.) |
| Which of the following technical factors is essential when performing abdomen studies on a young pediatric patient? A.)Short exposure times B.)High-speed image receptor C.)High milliamperage D.)All of the above | D.)All of the above |
| A radiolucent pad should be placed underneath geriatric patients for added comfort? (True or False) | True |
| With the use of iodinated contrast media,...is able to distinguish between a simple cyst or tumor of the liver? A.)Ultrasound B.)Nuclear Med. C.)CT D.)MRI | C.)CT |
| ....is being used to evaluate patients with acute appendicitis? A.)Ultrasound B.)Nuclear Med. C.)CT D.)MRI | A.)Ultrasound |
| The preferred imaging modality for examining the gallbladder quickly is? A.)Ultrasound B.)Nuclear Med. C.)CT D.)MRI | A.)Ultrasound |
| Free gas or air in the peritoneal cavity? | Pneumoperitoneum |
| Inflammatory condition of the colon? | Ulcerative Colitis |
| Telescoping of a section of bowel into another loop of bowel? | Intussusception |
| Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity? | Ascites |
| Bowel obstruction caused by a lack of intestinal peristalsis? | Adynamic ileus |
| A twisting of a loop of bowel creating an obstruction | Volvulus |
| Chronic inflammation of the intestinal wall that may result in bowel obstruction | Crohn's disease |
| Distended loops of air-filled small intestine? | Crohn's disease |
| Air-filled "coiled spring" appearance? | Intussusception |
| General abdominal haziness? | Ascites |
| Thin crest-shaped radiolucency underneath diaphragm? | Pneumoperitoneum |
| Deep air-filled muscosal protrusions of colon wall? | Ulcerative colitis |
| Large amount of air trapped in sigmoid colon with a tapered narrowing at the side of obstruction? | Volvulus |
| For each of the following, identify the correct abdominal quadrant in which the organ is found...Gallbladder | RUQ |
| For each of the following, identify the correct abdominal quadrant in which the organ is found...Cecrum | RLQ |
| The central ray is centered to the level of the....for a supine AP projection of the abdomen? | Iliac crest |
| Exposure for an AP projection of the abdomen should be taken on ....(inspiration or expiration) | Expiration |
| Rotation can be determined on a KUB radiograph by the loss of symmetric appearance of: | Iliac wings Ischial spines Obturator foramina Outer rib margins |
| Which type of body habius may require two crosswise images to be take if the entire abdomen is to be included? | Hypersthenic body type |
| A tall asthenic patient may require to 14x17 inch IR placed lengthwise if the entire abdomen is to be included? | True |
| Which position and gender generates the largest gonadal dose? | Female AP projection |
| What is the gonadal dose range for an average size female patient with an AP projection of the abdomen? | 35 to 75 mrad |
| Which one of the following abdominal structures is not visible on a properly exposed KUB? A.)Kidneys B.)Margin of liver processes C.)Pancreas D.)Lumbar transverse processes | C.)Pancreas |
| Why may the PA projection of the KUB generally be less desirable than the AP projection? | increase OID of kidneys on PA |
| Which decubitus position of the abdomen best demonstrates intraperitoneal air in the abdomen? | Left, right lateral decubitus |
| Why should a patient be placed in the decubitus position for a minimum of 5 minutes before exposure? | To allow intraabdominal air to raise or abnormal fluids to accumulate |
| Which decubitus position best demonstrates possible aneusysms, calcications of the aorta, or umbilical hernias? | Dorsal decubitus |
| Which position best demonstrates a possible aortic aneurysm in the prevertebral region of the abdomen? | lateral position |
| Lise the projections commonly performed for an acute abdominal series or three-way abdomen series? | AP supine, AP erect (lateral decubitus), PA erect chest |
| Which position of the three-way acute abdominal series best demonstrates free air under the diaphragm? | PA chest |
Created by:
brahoi