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ch. 14 ws
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what nations formed the Triple Alliance? | Italy, Germany, and Austria |
| what nations formed the Triple Entente? | Britain, France, and Russia |
| what did the Irish, the Poles, and Slavic minorities in the Balkans and Austria-Hungary have in common? | they were ethic groups that didn't have states of their own, so they joined other nations |
| how did industrialization contribute to militarism in Europe? | industrialization offered new methods of shipbuilding and the use of iron, steel, and chemicals for new weapons; growth of mass armies in Europe |
| how did European imperialism contribute to the start of World War I? | the competition for colonies led to conflict among European rival especially in Africa |
| Who was assassinated during a visit to Sarajevo in Bosnia? | Archduke Francis Ferdinand |
| why did Austria-Hungary seek German support before invading Bosnia? | it suspected that Russia would come to Bosnia's defeat |
| Who ordered mobilization of troops, knowing that it would be considered an act of war? | Czar Nicholas II of Russia |
| where did the Schlieffen Plan call for German troops to fight? | Belgium & France |
| what nation started World War I, and what two nations escalated it? | Austria-Hungary; Germany and England escalated it |
| What factors led to World War I? | militarism, alliances, imperialism, and nationalism |
| After the Germans were stopped at the First Battle of the ???, both sides dug in, and trench lines stretched from ??? to the border of ??? | Marine; English Channel; Switzerland |
| Unlike the ??? Front, the war on the ??? Front was marked by mobility. | Western; Eastern |
| Germany and Austria-Hungary defeated ??? but lost ??? as an ally after the nation switched sides. | Russia; Italy |
| German and French trenches alike were fortified with ??? and ??? | machine guns; barbed wire |
| Between 1916 and 1917 ??? of men died; at the Battle of Verdun alone more than 700,000 died; the war had turned into a deadly war of ??? | millions; attrition |
| By 1915, ??? started to be used in the war; they were originally used for reconnaissance; then they attacked enemy ??? | airplanes; communication targets |
| The ??? Empire joined the Central Powers; ??? princes were urged to revolt against their Ottoman overloads. | Ottoman; Arab |
| ??? took over several German colonies in the Pacific, and ??? seized New Guinea. | Japan; Austria |
| The sinking of the ??? and Germany's continued use of unrestricted ??? warfare brought the United States into the war in 1917. | Lusitania; submarine |
| As total war continued, governments ??? millions of young men to fight; set up price, wage, rent, and industrial controls; and ??? food. | drafted; rationed |
| As civilian morale sank, governments progressed from issuing propaganda to controlling ??? and ??? news about the war. | descent; censoring |
| Women's wartime contributions brought them economic ??? and won them ??? in Germany, Austria, and the United States, after the war ended. | independence; suffrage |
| How did war progress on the Western and Eastern Fronts? | On the Western Front, war turned into trench warfare. The Eastern Front did not really develop trenches, but moved more. |
| Military and economic missteps during World War I led the Russian people to grow more and more upset with the ??? regime. | czarist |
| ??? reluctantly stepped down on March 15, 1917, ending the 300-year-old Romanov dynasty. The ??? has established a temporary government only three days earlier. | Nicholas II; duma |
| The authority of the new provisional government was soon challenged by the ???, councils of representatives from the workers and ???. | soviets; soldiers |
| Under the leadership of Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov, also known as ???, the ??? became dedicated to violent revolution to detroy the capitalist system. | V.I. Lenin; Bolsheviks |
| Bolsheviks promised to end the war, redistribute land to all the peasants, and transfer factories from ??? to committees of ???. | capitalists; workers |
| Bolshevik forces overthrew the provisional government during the night of ??? | November 6, 1917 |
| To keep a promise of peace, Lenin signed the ???, ending Russia's involvement in the Great War but giving up eastern Poland, Ukraine, Finland, and the Baltic provinces. | Treaty of Brest-Litovsk |
| Anti-Communist forces, with aid from the Allies, fought the Communists on many fronts between the years ??? and ??? | 1918-1921 |
| By 1921, the majority of anti-Communist forces had been defeated; the Communists had retaken Georgia and gained control of governments in ???, ???, and ??? | Georgia; Russian Armenia; Azerbaijan |
| The Communists triumphed over ??? forces because of a well-disciplined fighting force, a single-minded sense of purpose, ??? zeal, and strong convictions | overwhelming; revolutionary |
| A secret police, known as the ???, began a ???, whose aim was to destroy all those opposed to the new regime and keep anti-Communist forces from gaining ground within Russia. | Cheka; Red terror |
| How did the Communist gain power in Russia? | The Communists gained power in Russia after revolutions happened. After the 1st revolution, the czar was replaced with a provisional government. That was replaced with the communist after the 2nd revolution |
| Who was General Erich Ludendorff? | led final German offensive on the Western Front |
| Who were the German Social Democrats, and what is the significance of November 11, 1918, in relation to the group? | political group in Germany; announced creation of a democratic representative and signed arm justice to stop fighting with allies. |
| What was the goal of revolutionary forces in Germany after the war? Did they achieve their goals? | wanted to seize power in Berlin-yes but the events led their middle class to fear communism |
| What happened to the Austrian-Hungarian Empire after the war? | it broke up into independent republics |
| How did President Woodrow Wilson believe lasting peace could be achieved? | by ensuring the right of each people to have their own nation, reducing military forces, and reaching agreements openly. |
| What were some complications at the Paris Peace Conference, and how were they resolved? | they hoped to gain control and resolve issues. The U.S. and France compromised a territorial issue. |
| What were the main provisions of the Treaty of Versailles? | declared Germany & Austria responsible for starting the war. Germany was ordered to pay for damages. |
| How did peace settlements change Europe, and what were the long-term effects? | new nations emerged from Germany, Russia, and Austria-Hungary Empires |
| What were the lasting effects of World War I? |
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