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Chapter 10
Chapter 10 - For Test 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The _____ keeps the climate of Great Britain warmer than would be expected, given that this island nation is located at such a high latitude. A. Atlantic Equatorial Current, B. Labrador Current, C. Gulf Stream, D. Canary Current | C. Gulf Stream |
| The name of the Pacific Ocean current that keeps California’s coast cooler than normal is the _____. A. Pacific Equatorial Current, B. California Current, C. Japan Current, D. Canary Current | B. California Current |
| With respect to the Coriolis Effect in the southern hemisphere, there is _____ of air and water volumes as they move across the surface of the planet. A. a left-hand deflection, B. a right-hand deflection, C. no deflection | A. a left-hand deflection |
| True or False: Zones in the ocean where upwelling occurs have high levels of biological productivity because of the high levels of dissolved oxygen and high levels of nutrients in the water. | True |
| The most common force for creating waves is _____. A. upwelling zones, B. storm surges, C. downwelling zones, D. wind, E. underwater earthquakes | D. wind |
| The horizontal distance between two wave crests is the _____, and the vertical distance between a wave crest and wave trough is the _____. A. wavelength…wave height, B. wave height…wavelength, C. wave trough…wavelength | A. wavelength…wave height |
| The lowest part of a wave below the sea level surface is called the _____, whereas the highest part of the wave above the sea surface is called the _____. A. wave boundary…wave crest, B. wave trough…wavelength, C. wave trough…wave crest, D. wave crest…wave trough | C. wave trough…wave crest |
| Most often, tsunami waves are generated by _____. A. storms at seas, B. submarine earthquakes, C. breaking internal waves, D. tidal currents near shore | B. submarine earthquakes |
| _____ is described as freshwater with a small amount of salt water mixed into the overall volume. A. Brackish water, B. Aquifer water, C. Marine water, D. Connate water | A. Brackish water |
| The estuary that forms the border between Alabama and Florida is the _____ estuary. A. Choctawhatchee Bay, B. St. Andrew Bay, C. Perdido Bay, D. Apalachee Bay | C. Perdido Bay |
| Which of these estuaries is formed by Florida’s largest river, which flows from northern Georgia south to northern Florida and out into the Gulf of Mexico? Florida’s oyster industry is based in this estuary. A. Apalachee Bay, Indian River Lagoon, C. Choctawhatchee Bay, D. Pensacola Bay, E. Apalachicola Bay | E. Apalachicola Bay |
| The estuary that borders much of the eastern coast of Florida is the _____. This estuary contains a high biodiversity since it has both temperate and tropical species. A. Choctawhatchee Bay, B. St. Andrew Bay, C. Indian River Lagoon, D. Apalachee Bay | C. Indian River Lagoon |
| Which of the following estuaries is a north Florida estuary? A. Biscayne Bay, B. Choctawhatchee Bay, C. Indian River Lagoon, D. Sarasota Bay, E. Florida Bay | B. Choctawhatchee Bay |
| The cities of St. Petersburg and Bradenton and Clearwater all release pollutants into the famous Florida estuary. Many years of environmental effort have been spent cleaning up this essential estuary. A. St. Johns River, B. Tampa Bay, C. Sarasota Bay, D. Biscayne Bay, E. Apalachee Bay | B. Tampa Bay |
| When the Sun and Moon are in a line with the Earth, the _____. A. gravitational attraction will be less, B. arrival of high tide will be delayed, C. difference between high and low tide is minimal, D. highest high and lowest low tides will occur | D. highest high and lowest low tides will occur |
| Tides of large amplitude occurring every two weeks at the new and full moon are called _____ tides. A. equatorial, B. spring, C. semidiurnal, D. declinational, E. neap | B. spring |
| Which celestial object affects Earth’s ocean tides more? A. the Sun, B. the planet Jupiter, C. the planet Saturn, D. the Moon | D. the Moon |
| Coasts are considered _____ if they sink relative to sea level and _____ if they rise relative to sea level. A. emergent…submergent, B. submergent…emergent, C. retrograde…prograde | B.submergent…emergent |
| California’s coastline is clearly an example of a(n) _____ shoreline, but Florida’s coastline is clearly an example of a(n) _____ shoreline. A. emergent…submergent, B. submergent…emergent, C. prograde…retrograde | A. emergent…submergent |
| The constant movement of sediments along a coastline is caused by _____. A. fetch currents, B. longshore currents, C. vertical upwelling currents, D. wave currents | B. longshore currents |
| _____ _____ is the process that the state of Florida usually employs to restore beaches. A. Hard stabilization, B. Inland beach sand mining, C. Dredge and fill, D. Beach nourishment | D. Beach nourishment |
| This Florida estuary is found just east of the major city of Jacksonville, in northeast Florida. A. Indian River Lagoon, B. Biscayne Bay, C. Perdido Bay, D. St. Johns River estuary | D. St. Johns River estuary |
| Which of these estuaries is found just south of Tallahassee? A. Apalachicola Bay, B. Tampa Bay, C. Sarasota Bay, D. Apalachee Bay | D. Apalachee Bay |
| Which of the following is a coastal engineering structure built as an attempt to stop longshore currents from producing beach drift? A. a seawall, B. a breakwater, C. a groin, D. a causeway | C. a groin |
| Beach nourishment itself can cause problems such as _____. A. smothering of nearby coral reefs, B. disturbance of sea turtle and sea bird nesting sites, C. wasting valuable government funds if nourishment is followed by a severe storm, D. all of the above | D. all of the above |
| A rotating Earth influences the direction of movement of moving fluids across its surface, an influence called _____ _____. | Coriolis Effect |
| The Coriolis Effect deflects an object as it travels across the globe’s surface. In the northern hemisphere the CE produces a _____ deflection. The southern hemisphere produces a _____ deflection. At the equator the CE is zero so there is _____ deflection. | right-hand…left-hand…no |
| When a denser water mass sinks, more water must move horizontally to fill in the area in a process called _____ _____. | surface convergence |
| Some of the areas of the world where coastal upwelling occurs as a wind-induced phenomenon is along the _____ shores of continents, which is the same thing as _____ shores of oceans. | western…eastern |
| Within a specific water mass, _____ _____ is the process whereby surface water becomes denser with time and sinks in large masses to greater depths. | thermohaline circulation |
| Arctic and Antarctic waters represent the two major regions where dense water is created by the _____ process. | freezing |
| The height, length, and period achieved by a wave depend on what 3 factors? | wind speed, length of time, and the fetch |
| The term _____ is simply one-half the wave height. | amplitude |
| At a depth equal to ______ the wavelength, orbital motion decreases to almost _____, thus submarines dive during rough weather because wave motion does not extend far below the surface. | one-half…zero |
| The turbulent water that piles up on shore is simply called _____. | surf |
| As a wave approaches shore, it begins to “feel” the bottom in the process called what? | shoaling |
| What two categories accomplish erosion on a beach? | abrasion and wave impacts |
| As a wave approaches it drags sand and pebbles along the shoreline in a process called _____ _____. | beach drift |
| As the name implies, _____ _____ originate in the cutting action of the surf against the base of coastal land. | wave-cut cliff |
| As erosion progresses, rocks overhanging the notch at the base of the cliff crumble and the cliff retreats leaving behind a relatively flat, benchlike surface called a _____ _____. | wave-cut platform |
| A _____ _____ results when two caves on opposite sides of a headland unite. | sea arch |
| Eventually a sea arch falls leaving an isolated remnant called a _____ _____ on the wave-cut platform. | sea stack |
| A _____ is an elongated ridge of sand that projects from the land into the mouth of an adjacent bay. | spit |
| A _____ is a ridge of sand that connects an island to the mainland ot to another island. | tombolo |
| The term _____ _____ is applied to a sandbar that completely crosses a bay. | baymouth bar |
| _____ _____ are low ridges of sand parallel to a coast at distances from 2 to 20 miles offshore. | Barrier islands |
| Flooded river channels referred to as _____, are a portion of the ocean that is semi-isolated by land and diluted by freshwater drainage. | estuary |
| In the area known as _____ ______, skilled workers construct numerous structures to prevent or slow down beach erosion processes. | beach engineering |
| A _____ structure is placed on the ocean floor near shore to break up the waves before they can crash onto the beach. | breakwater |
| _____ are simply massive walls constructed along the shoreline to protect coastal properties. | seawalls |
| Damaged coastal land that has been deemed irreversible, and is no longer allowed to be rebuilt or developed, is referred to as _____ _____. | changing land |
| Which produces more tidal response: Moon or the Sun? | Moon |
| One high tide and one low tide are referred to as _____ tide. | diurnal |
| Two high tides and two low tides are referred as _____ tide. | semidiurnal |
| The vertical difference between high tide and low tide is called the _____ _____. | tidal range |
| When water levels increase in height, the rising tide is called a _____ tide and when the water level drops, a falling tide is called an _____ tide. | flood…ebb |
| Right at the point where tidal movement changes direction, there is a period of _____ _____, during which these horizontal tidal currents change direction. | slack water |
| A rapid tide that produces a breaking wave front that moves rapidly up a river channel is called a _____ _____. | tidal bore |
Created by:
TManning81
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