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Pub Comm Final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| List the four similarities between public speaking and conversation | organizing your thoughts logically, tailoring your message to your audience, telling a story for maximum impact, adapting to listener feedback |
| List the three differences between public speaking and conversation | public speaking is more structures, public speaking requires more formal language, public speaking requires a different method of delivery |
| List the six strategies for dealing with nervousness | experience, prepare, think positively, visualization, nervousness is not visible, don't expect perfection |
| Regardless of the kind of speech communication, there are seven elements | situation, speaker, channel, adapting to interference, message, listener, feedback |
| frame of reference | the sum of a person’s knowledge, experience, goals, values, and attitudes. |
| feedback | messages, usually nonverbal, sent from a listener to a speaker. |
| _______________________________ is anything that impedes the communication of a message. It can be _________________________ or ____________________. | interference, external, internal |
| ethnocentrism | the belief that our own group or culture— whatever it may be—is superior to all other groups or cultures. |
| ethics | branch of philosophy that deals with issues of right and wrong in human affairs. |
| To ____________________ means to present another person’s ___________ or ________ as your own—to give the impression you have written or thought something yourself when you have actually taken it from someone else. | plagiarize, thoughts, ideas |
| global plagiarism | stealing your speech entirely from another source and passing it off as your own. |
| patchwork plagiarism | when a speaker pilfers from two or three sources. |
| incremental plagiarism | when the speaker fails to give credit for particular parts—increments—of the speech that are borrowed from other people. |
| You will also need to identify your ___________________ sources. It is not enough to say “As I found _________________________” or “According to _____________________.” | internet, on the web, the internet |
| Whenever you ___________ someone directly, you must attribute the words to that person. | quote |
| Listeners also have ethical obligations. They are | to listen courteously and attentively, avoid prejudging the speaker, maintain the free and open expression of ideas |
| hearing | physiological process, involving the vibration of sound waves on our eardrums and the firing of electrochemical impulses from the inner ear to the central auditory system in the brain. |
| listening | involves paying close attention to, and making sense of, what we hear. |
| Close to ___________ of class time in U.S. colleges and universities is spent __________________ to discussions and lectures. | 95%, listening |
| appreciative listening | listening for pleasure or enjoyment, as when we listen to music, to a comedy routine, or to an entertaining speech. |
| comprehensive listening | listening to understand the message of a speaker, as when we attend a classroom lecture or listen to directions for finding a friend’s house. |
| critical listening | listening to evaluate a message for purposes of accepting or rejecting it, as when we listen to the sales pitch of a used-car dealer, the campaign speech of a political candidate, or the closing arguments of an attorney in a jury trial. |
| ____________________________ is the difference between the rate at which most people talk ( _______ to _________ words a minute) and the rate at which the brain can process language ( ________ to _________ words a minute). | spare "brain time", 120, 150, 400, 800 |
| Rather than trying to remember everything a speaker says, efficient listeners usually concentrate on __________________________ and ________________________. | main points, evidence |
| active listening | means giving your undivided attention to a speaker in a genuine effort to understand the speaker’s point of view. |
| Do not let _________________________ or ______________________ feelings about a speaker’s appearance or delivery keep you from listening to the message. | distractions, negative |
| When done properly, ________________________________ is a surefire way to improve your concentration and keep track of a speaker’s ideas. | note taking |
| Research confirms that __________ carefully and taking effective ____________are vital skills for success in college and will also benefit you in countless situations throughout life. | listening, notes |
| A ____________________________ briefly notes a speaker’s main points and supporting evidence in rough outline form. | key-word outline |
| An ___________________________ is designed to convey knowledge and understanding. | informative |
| List the four types of informative speeches focused on in the textbook | (1) objects, (2) processes, (3) events, (4) concepts. |
| Informative speeches about ____________________often call for __________________. | concepts, examples |
| List five guidelines for informative speaking | don’t overestimate what the audience knows, relate the subject directly to the audience, don’t be too technical, avoid abstractions, personalize your ideas. |
| Informative speakers work on communicating their ideas in ________________________, _______________________ language. | clear, nontechnical |
| Comparison | states the similarities among two or more people, events, ideas, etc. |
| Contrast | states the differences among two or more people, events, ideas, etc. |
| ____________________________________________ is the process of creating, reinforce, or changing people’s beliefs or actions. | persuasion |
| When you speak to persuade, you act as an ______________________________________. | advocate |
| There is no place in ethical speechmaking for deliberately ________________________ or _______________________ statements. | false, deceptive |
| Of all the kinds of public speaking, _____________________ is the most complex and the most challenging. | persuasion |
| _______________________ involves any movement by a listener from left to right on the scale, no matter where the listener begins and no matter how great or small the movement. | degree of persuasion |
| Persuasion is something the speaker does ___________________________ an audience. | with |
| Many questions of __________________ cannot be answered absolutely because we do not have enough information, but this does not stop people from __________________. | fact |
| 18.) The situation for an informative speech is _____________________________, while the situation for a persuasive speech on a question of fact is __________________________. | nonpartisan, partisan |
| A persuasive speech on a _____________________________________ looks at the worth, rightness, morality, and so fourth of an idea or action. | question of value |
| Whenever you give a speech on a question of values, be sure to give special thought to the ________________________________ for your ________________________________. | standards |
| A persuasive speech on a _______________________ looks at whether a specific course of action should or should not be taken. | question of policy |
| When your goal is _______________________________, you want to do more than get your listeners to nod their heads in agreement; you want to motivate them to _________. | immediate action, action |
| Persuasive speeches on questions of policy are given whenever people debate specific course of action. Such speeches can seek either _____________________________ or _____________________________. | passive agreement or immediate action |
| Whenever you discuss a question of policy, you will face three basic questions | need, plan, practicality |
| The __________________________________________________ is the obligation facing a persuasive speaker to prove that a change from current policy is necessary. | burden of proof |
| Credibility, which Aristotle identified as ________________________, is affected by two factors: _______________________ and ______________________________________. | ethos, competence, credibility |
| Identify the three types of credibility | initial, derived, terminal |
| __________________ is supporting materials used to prove or disprove something. | evidence |
| __________________ is the name given by Aristotle for logical appeals. | logos |
| ________________ is the process of drawing a conclusion on the basis of evidence. | reasoning |
| A ________________ is an error in reasoning. | fallacy |
| __________________ is the name used by Aristotle to refer to emotional appeals. | pathos |
Created by:
alyyphant