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Biology module 12
module 12 study guide
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Exoskeleton | A body covering, typically made of chitin, that provides support and protection |
| Molt | To shed an old outer covering so that it can be replaced with a new one |
| Thorax | The body region between the head and the abdomen |
| Abdomen | The body region posterior to the thorax |
| Cephalothorax | A body region composed of the head and thorax fused together |
| Compound eye | An eye made of many lenses, each with a very limited scope |
| Simple Eye | An eye with only one lense |
| Open circulatory system | A circulatory system that allows the blood to flow out of the blood vessels and into various body cavities so that the cells are in direct contact with the blood |
| Statocyst | SThe organ of balance in a crustacean |
| Gonad | A general term for the organ that produces gametes |
| Complete metamorphosis | Insect development consisting of four stages: egg, larva, pupa, and adult |
| Incomplete metamorphosis | Insect development consisting of three stages: egg, nymph, and adult |
| Name the five common features of athropods. | Exoskeleton, body segmentation, jointed appendages, open circulatory system, and a ventral nervous system are the common features of arthropods. |
| Explain the flow of blood in a crayfish, starting from the pericardial sinus. a. | Blood collects in the pericardial sinus, and it enters the heart through one of three openings in the heart’s surface. Each opening has a valve that closes when the heart is ready to pump. |
| Explain the flow of blood in a crayfish, starting from the pericardial sinus. b. | Once it absorbs the blood and closes these valves, the heart pumps blood through a series of blood vessels that are open at the end. These vessels dump directly into various body cavities. |
| Explain the flow of blood in a crayfish, starting from the pericardial sinus. c. | Gravity causes the blood to fall into the sternal sinus, where it is collected by blood vessels that are open at one end. |
| Explain the flow of blood in a crayfish, starting from the pericardial sinus. d. | Unlike the blood vessels that dump the blood into the body cavities, these vessels carry the blood back towards the pericardial sinus. |
| Explain the flow of blood in a crayfish, starting from the pericardial sinus. e. | On its way there, the blood is passed through the gills where it can release the carbon dioxide it has collected and pick up a fresh supply of oxygen. |
| Explain the flow of blood in a crayfish, starting from the pericardial sinus. f. | The blood also passes through green glands, which clean it of impurities and dump those impurities back into the surroundings. |
| Explain the flow of blood in a crayfish, starting from the pericardial sinus. g. | Once the blood has passed through the gills and the green glands, it then makes its way back to the pericardial sinus to begin the trip all over again. |
| What purpose does the green gland serve? | It cleans the blood of impurities. |
| What structures (besides the gills and gill chamber) are vitally important for respiration in a crayfish? | The swimmerets and maxillae are important. Without them, fresh, oxygen-rich water would not enter the gill chambers. |
| What happens when a crayfish loses a limb? | The injury gets sealed off to prevent bleeding, and then a new limb regenerates. |
| Where do the fertilized eggs of a crayfish go? | They are attached to the swimmerets. |
| Why do arthropods molt? | They molt because their exoskeletons get too small for their growing bodies. |
| What two appendages are responsible for taste and touch in a crayfish? | The antennules and antennae are responsible for taste and touch. |
| What five characteristics set arachnids apart from the other arthropods? | Four pairs of walking legs, two segments in body, no antennae, book lungs, four pairs of simple eyes. |
| What are the three basic types of webs that spiders spin? | A. a single, flat sheet of sticky silk. B. tangle webs that have no real discernible pattern. C. concentric circles of sticky silk that are supported by “spokes” of non-sticky silk. |
| Do all spiders use their silk to spin webs? | no |
| Why are the spider’s lungs called book lungs? | The lung has many thin layers that look like the pages of a book. |
| What four characteristics set insects apart from the other arthropods? | Three pairs of walking (or jumping) legs, wings, three segments in body, one pair of antennae. |
| Why don’t insects have respiratory systems? | Insects do not need respiratory systems because of a complex network of tracheas that allow air to travel throughout the body. |
| If an insect goes through a pupa stage, does it perform complete metamorphosis or incomplete metamorphosis? | complete metamorphosis. |
| What four types of wings exist among insects? | membranous wings, scaled wings, leather-like wings, and horny wings. |
| Indicate the order of Insects with two leather-like wings and two membranous wings | Orthoptera |
| Indicate the order of Social insects with membranous wings | Hymenoptera |
| Indicate the order of Insects with two membranous wings and two membranous balancers | Diptera |
| Indicate the order of Insects with two horny wings and two membranous wings | Coleoptera |
| Indicate the order of Insects with scaled wings | Lepidoptera |
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