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Greenfield-Geology 2

Plate Tectonics and Plate Boundaries

TermDefinition
PLATE TECTONICS the theory that solid plates move on top of a slowly flowing mantle.
PLATE BOUNDARIES the edges where different plates on Earth are touching.
CONVERGE to come together
CONVERGENT BOUNDARY a boundary at which two plates collide, causing mountain building or subduction.
HIMALAYAS a mountain range formed when the Indian plate collided with the Eurasian plate.
SUBDUCTION the process of one plate sliding under another. The denser plate is driven down into the mantle.
RING OF FIRE an area circling the edges of the Pacific Plate where large numbers of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur.
OCEAN TRENCHES deep valleys formed underwater in subduction zones. A trench marks the position at which a flexed subducting plate begins to dive beneath another plate.
MARIANA TRENCH deepest known part of the world's oceans. Located in the western Pacific Ocean, to the east of the Mariana Islands.
DIVERGE to separate
DIVERGENT BOUNDARY a boundary at which two plates are separating. As the plates move in opposite directions, magma bubbles up, forming new crust.
MID-OCEAN RIDGE an underwater mountain range that is almost 50,000 miles long.
MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE part of the Mid-Ocean Ridge located along the floor of the Atlantic Ocean.
RIFT VALLEY deep valley which runs down the middle of the Mid-Ocean Ridge.
SEA FLOOR SPREADING the idea that new seafloor crust forms at mid-ocean ridges and then spreads in opposite directions. The youngest rocks of the ocean floor are at the diverging boundary, moving outward.
TRANSFORM BOUNDARY a boundary in which two plates scrape and slide past each other. The San Andreas Fault is one such boundary.
Created by: pattigreenfield
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