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Who were cells first observed by?
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What theory states that all living things are composed of cells and that all cells come from other cells?
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Unit 2 Biology Exam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Who were cells first observed by? | Robert Hooke |
| What theory states that all living things are composed of cells and that all cells come from other cells? | Cell theory |
| Which microscope is the easiest to use and has the lowest resolution and lowest magnification? | Light Microscope |
| Which microscope has the highest resolution and magnification by produced an image that is flat with no depth? | Transmission electron microscope |
| Which microscope has high resolution and magnification (but not the highest) and produces 3D images? | Scanning electron microscope |
| What are membranes primarily made of? | phospholipids |
| which organelle controls the cell's activities and is responsible for inheritance? | Nucleus |
| What is inside of the nucleus? | proteins and dna called chromatin |
| What is a nuclear envelope? | a double membrane with pores that allow material to flow in and out of the nucleus. |
| What is the nuclear envelope attached to? | endoplasmic reticulum |
| What is the function of a ribosome? | to carry on protein synthesis |
| what are free ribosomes? | Ribosomes that are suspended in the cytoplasm |
| what are bound ribosomes? | ribosomes that are attached to the endoplasmic reticulum |
| What is the endomembrane system composed of? | nuclear envelope,endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vacuoles and the plasma membrane. |
| what is the multistep chemical breakdown of a molecule of glucose into two molecules of pyruvate; the first stage of cellular respiration in all organisms; occurs in the cytoplasmic fluid. | Glycoysis |
| The metabolic cycle fueled by acetyl CoA formed after glycolysis in cellular respiration. Chemical reactions in the citric acid cycle complete the metabolic breakdown of glucose molecules to carbon dioxide. | citric acid cycle |
| The production of ATP using energy derived from the redox reactions of an electron transport chain; the third major stage of cellular respiration. | oxidative phosphorylation |
| What is chemiosmosis | Energy-coupling mechanics that uses the energy of hydrogen ion (H^+) gradients across membranes to phosphorylate ADP; powers most ATP synthesis in cells. |
| What is ATP Synthase | A cluster of several membrane proteins that function in chemiosmosis with adjacent electron transport chains, using the energy of a hydrogen ion concentration gradient to make ATP. |
| sequence of steps as energy is extracted from glucose during cellular respiration. | glycolysis → acetyl CoA → citric acid cycle → electron transport chain |
| What is the correct general equation for cellular respiration | C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ATP energy |
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