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Greenfield-Soil

From Rocks to Soil

TermDefinition
Erosion the process of wearing down and carrying away rocks
Weathering the process that breaks down rock and other substances
Mechanical Weathering a type of weathering in which rock is physically broken into smaller pieces
Chemical Weathering the process that breaks down rock through chemical changes
Abrasion the wearing away of rock by rock particles carried by water, ice, wind, or gravity
Frost Wedging water seeps into cracks of rock then freezes, expanding the rock, and then it thaws. Wedges of ice widen and deepen the rock
Oxidation oxygen in air is an important cause of chemical weathering, and iron mixes with oxygen with the presence of water to make rust in a process called this
Permeable a material is full of tiny, connected air spaces that allow water to seep through it
Soil the loose, weathered material on Earth's surface in which plants can grow
Bedrock the solid layer of rock beneath soil
Humus a dark-colored substance that forms as plant and animal remains decay
Fertility a measure of how well the soil supports plant growth
Loam soil that is made up of about equal parts of clay, sand, and silt
pH scale a scale that measures acidity
Soil Horizon a layer of soil that differs in color, texture, and composition from the layers above or below it
Topsoil the A horizon is made up of this, a crumbly, dark brown soil that is a mixture of humus, clay, and other minerals
Subsoil the B horizon, often called this, usually consists of clay and other particles of rock, but little humus
Decomposers the organisms that break the remains of dead organisms into smaller pieces and digest them with chemicals
Created by: pattigreenfield
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