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Unit 8 Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| World War II | Allied powers (Britain, France, USSR, China) vs. Axis powers (Germany, Italy, Japan) ; began in Europe in 1939, US joined in 1941 |
| Lend-Lease Act | USA could lend military equipment and supplies to any nation the president said was vital to the defense of the United States. Over $50 Billion sent to Allies. |
| Pearl Harbor | US navy base in Hawaii Japanese launched a surprise attack on Dec. 7, 1941; Over 2,400 Americans killed US enters WWII after |
| Pacific Theater | US fighting against Axis powers in Pacific (Japan) using Island Hopping strategy |
| Battle of Midway | USA destroyed 4 Japanese aircraft carriers and lost 1 - major morale boost for USA - American victory regarded as most important naval battle in Pacific |
| Manhattan Project | code name for development of atomic bombs - successful test at Los Alamos New Mexico - began w/ fear of German development - leads to Cold War arms race with USSR after WWII |
| Albert Einstein | German born physicist who fled to the US from Europe and informed the president Germany was developing atomic weapons; led to Manhattan project |
| Atomic Bombs | first nuclear weapons developed by US during World War II; only nuclear weapons ever used in warfare when US bombed Hiroshima and Nagasaki to force Japan to surrender |
| Island Hopping | Allied strategy to preserve resources and work way towards main islands of Japan |
| European Theater | US battles against Axis powers in Europe (Germany & Italy) |
| D-Day | Allied victory that began advance to reclaim Europe - Operation Overlord -storm beach at Normandy, France - largest seaborne invasion in history - 156,000 men in 6,939 boats crossed English Channel. |
| Battle of Berlin | USSR troops overtook German capital - Soviets lost 81,116 men - Germans lost 458,080 - Hitler commits suicide |
| Rationing | Items such as sugar, meat, butter, canned vegetables, fruits, and gasoline required stamps to limit American consumption |
| Wartime Conversation | privately owned companies produced materials to support war; Ford made planes and tanks |
| A. Philip Randolph | black civil rights leader; met with FDR to encourage legislation ending discrimination and to integrate military; started March on Washington movement |
| Integration | the process of bringing together people of different races, religions, and social classes; opposite of segregation |
| Japanese Internment | 110,000 Japanese-Americans were removed from California, Oregon, and Washington via executive order & forced into camps for the duration of the war; Japanese lost businesses, houses, farms, etc. |
| Cold War | tension and arms race between USA and USSR from 1945-1991; no actual fighting between these two countries happened |
| Containment | policy of keeping communism contained within its current borders; prohibit spread of communism |
| North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) | created for mutual defense of Western Europe amid fears of atomic armed USSR |
| Truman Doctrine | USA foreign policy; United States’ belief that communism would infiltrate those areas of Europe that were left weakened by the effects of World War II. |
| Marshall Plan | plan to combat negative economic impacts of WWII in Europe to prevent countries from turning to communism; give countries money to help rebuild economy and support democracy |
| Korean War | communist North Korea invaded democratic South Korea; China supported N. Korea & US supported S. Korea; war ends with two nations created and neutral zone established on 38th paralell |
| G. I. Bill | passed by Congress to protect and reward returning servicemen; low interest loans, grants for college, etc. |
| McCarthyism | derogatory term for baseless accusations that was popularized by Senator Joseph McCarthy’s witch hunt against communism in the USA |
| National Interstate and Defense Highways Act | 1956 ; create highways for strategic transportation of troops and supplies; forever changed population patterns and grows suburbia |
| Brown v. Board of Education | “...in the field of public education, the doctrine of ‘separate but equal’ has no place. Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal.” - integrates schools; overturns Plessy v. Ferguson |
| Harry S. Truman | 33rd US President who assumed power after FDR died; democrat; made decision to drop atomic bombs; containment policy; Korean War; Marshall Plan; desegregated military |
| Dwight D. Eisenhower | 34th US President; republican; domino theory; enforced Brown v. Board decision; Interstate Highway Act; massive retaliation theory |
| Sputnik | first man-made earth satellite launched by Soviet Union; surprised the US & led to more math & science education |
| National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA) | government organization promotion space research and travel; made in US after Sputnik launched |
| Massive Retaliation | Eisenhower's plan that the United States would answer any military attack with all out military and atomic capacity |
| Domino Theory | the idea that if one nation falls to communism, its closest neighbors will also fall under communist control; promoted by Eisenhower; led to intervention in Vietnam |
Created by:
edaughtrey
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