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The Presidency
Essential Vocab for The Presidency
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Chief of State | The president's role as chief of state is to represent the United States at public events. This is mainly a ceremonial role that allows the president to promote/convey/represent American values and acknowledge others who do the same |
| Chief Executive | The president is the chief executive, empowered to administer the laws and affairs of the nation. While the president does not make the laws, his agencies have the responsibility, and authority to carry out the laws |
| Chief Diplomat | Being a diplomat involves interacting with leaders from other nations. The president takes the lead in foreign relations by associating with foreign leaders and, along with the help of Congress, develops a foreign policy with other nations |
| Commander in Chief | The president is the commander-in-chief of the U.S. armed forces. That means all of the military leaders report to and take orders from the president. The president performs this duty as a civilian, someone who is not in military service |
| Chief Legislator | Though the president cannot make laws, he can voice his own ideas and opinions to Congress while they draft legislation. He does this through speeches promoting his agendas and by meeting with Congress to discuss policies |
| Chief of Party or Party Leader | In this role, the president helps members of his political party get elected or appointed to office. The president campaigns for those members who have supported his policies. At the end of a term the president may campaign for reelection with his party’s support |
| Presidential Succession | 25th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution. It establishes the line of succession to the office of President of the United States in the event that neither a President or Vice President is able to "discharge the powers and duties of the office." Speaker of the House, President pro tempore of the Senate, Secretary of State, Secretary of the Treasury, Secretary of Defense, Attorney General |
| Executive Power | the power to sign or veto legislation, command the armed forces, ask for the written opinion of their Cabinet, convene or adjourn Congress, grant reprieves and pardons, and receive ambassadors. |
| Formal Powers | these are powers granted to the President of the United States that are defined within the U.S. Constitution |
| Informal Powers | these are powers that the President of the United States uses even though they are NOT defined in the U.S. Constitution. They are subject to Congressional and Judicial Review if needed. |
| Executive Order | a directive issued by the President of the United States that manages operations of the federal government and has the force of law |
| Executive Agreement | An agreement between the president and another country that has the force of a treaty but does not require the Senate’s “advice and consent” |
| Treaty | A formal agreement between two or more states in reference to peace, alliance, commerce, or other international relations |
| Appointment | “he shall nominate, and by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, shall appoint Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls, Judges of the supreme Court, and all other Officers of the United States” Article II, Section 2 |
| Executive/Cabinet Department | These are the various departments and staff of the "West Wing" of the White House and other locations |
| Cabinet | The secretaries, or chief administrators of the major departments of the federal government |
| White House Staff | The analysts and advisers to the president that work inside the White House |
| Executive Office of the President | is a group of agencies at the center of the executive branch of the United States federal government. The EOP supports the work of the President. |
| Independent Agency | an agency of the United States government that is created by an act of Congress and is independent of the executive departments. |
| Independent Regulatory Commission | are federal agencies created by an act of Congress that are independent of the executive departments. Though they are considered part of the executive branch, these agencies are meant to impose and enforce regulations free of political influence. |
| Bureaucracy | a system of government in which most of the important decisions are taken by state officials rather than by elected representative. |
| Executive Privilege | The power claimed by the President of the United States and other members of the executive branch to resist certain search warrants and other interventions by the legislative and judicial of government |
| impeachment | A formal accusation against a public official by the lower house of a legislative body 2 step process Impeachment= charged with a crime (House) Convicted= supermajority vote (Senate) |
| Veto/Pocket Veto | One of two ways a president can disapprove a bill sent to him by Congress. Vetos are sent back to Congress (where it originated) within 10 days Pocket Vetos become law if Congress is out of session and the President waits 10 days. This does not require a signature. |
| Line-Item Veto | The power of an executive to veto some provisions in an appropriations bill while approving others |
| Impoundment | The Presidential power to rescind (take away) funding for a specific project |
| War Powers Act 1973/74 | Law intended to check President’s Commander In Chief power President must: Notify Congress within 48 hours Use troops for 60 days or else withdraw Withdraw troops within 30 days |
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