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Enterobacteriaceae
bacteria
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Enterobacteriaceae gram | Gram-negative rods |
| Enterobacteriaceae oxidase and catalase | Oxidase-negative, Catalase-positive |
| Facultative anaerobes | Enterobacteriaceae |
| Ferment glucose, reduce nitrate to nitrite | Enterobacteriaceae |
| Most are motile by peritrichous flagella | Enterobacteriaceae |
| Enteric bacteria which tolerate bile salts in MacConkey agar | Enterobacteriaceae |
| Variety of clinical infections | Enterobacteriaceae |
| E. coli Salmonella Yersenia | Major enteric and systemic pathogens |
| Proteus Enterobacter Klebsiella othe | Opportunistic pathogens |
| Found in the intestinal tract of animals and humans | Enterobacteriaceae |
| Contaminate vegetation, soil and water | Enterobacteriaceae |
| Major pathogens | E. coli, Salmonella sp. and Yersinia sp |
| are involved in localized infections in diverse anatomical locations | Opportunistic pathogens |
| Gram-negative, short rods | E. coli |
| Most strains are motile by peritrichous flagella | E. coli |
| Often fimbriate | E. coli |
| A capsule is often present --- mucoid | E. coli |
| Grows well on a variety of media at 37 oC | E. coli |
| Characteristic growth on EMB (metallic sheen | E. coli |
| E. coli | |
| on-spore-forming | E. coli |
| Ferments lactose (pink colonies in MacConkey agar | E. coli |
| E. coli are serotyped on the basis of | lipopolysaccharide |
| lipopolysaccharide | “O” (Somatic), “H” (Flagellar) and “K” (Capsular |
| possesses non-flagellar appendages called pilli. | E. coli |
| pilli. Important types | K88 or F4, K99 or F5, and 987P or F6 |
| are almost always associated with isolates from swine | K88 and 987P |
| associated with isolates from cattle, sheep, swine | K99 |
| Occurs due to the colonization of the intestinal tract from environmental sources, shortly after birth | Colibacillosis in mammals |
| Colibacillosis as a primary infection | by shell penetration, inhalation in the hatchery & occurs during the first few days of age |
| Colibacillosis as a secondary infection | complicating agent during the growing period |
| Occurs due to the colonization of the intestinal tract from environmental sources, shortly after birth | Colibacillosis in mammals |
| the mechanism of pathogenesis | Based on (1) Tissue localization of E.coli and (2) Biological activity of E.coli toxin |
| Enterotoxigenic E.coli (ETEC) strain that causes | Enteric colibacillosis and Enterotoxemic colibacillosis |
| strain that cause Local invasive colibacillosis | Enteropathogenic E.coli (EPEC) |
| strain that cause Septicemic colibacillosis | Enteroinvasive E.coli (EIEC) |
| strain that cause Hemorrhagic Uremic Syndrome (HUS) in children | Enterohemorrhagic E.coli (EHEC) |
| Causes diarrhea in animals 2 weeks to 1 month of age | Enteric colibacillosis caused by (ETEC |
| Produce Enterotoxins (Exotoxins): 1. Heat-labile (LT) type (Immunogenic) and 2. Heat-stable (ST) type (Non-immunogenic) | Enteric colibacillosis caused by (ETEC |
| Produce Pilus antigens (K antigens), important for adherence & colonization | Enteric colibacillosis caused by (ETEC |
| Causes Neonatal diarrhea in animals less than 1 week of age | Enterotoxemic colibacillosis caused by (ETEC |
| Produce Enterotoxins (Exotoxins): 1. Heat-labile (LT) type (Immunogenic) and 2. Heat-stable (ST) type (Non-immunogenic | Enterotoxemic colibacillosis caused by (ETEC |
| Produce pilus antigens (K antigens | Enterotoxemic colibacillosis caused by (ETEC |
| K antigens involved in Neonatal diarrhea: K88 (piglets) and K99 (calves | Enterotoxemic colibacillosis caused by (ETEC |
| There is absorption of toxins | Enterotoxemic colibacillosis caused by (ETEC |
| Causes Local invasive colibacillosis | Enteropathogenic Colibacillosis caused by (EPEC |
| Local invasion and destruction of intestinal epithelium by E.coli ( invade beyond epithelium to the lamina propria | Enteropathogenic Colibacillosis caused by (EPEC |
| Not enterotoxigenic (do not produce enterotoxins) and do not become bacteremic or septicemic (do not produce endotoxin) | Enteropathogenic Colibacillosis caused by (EPEC |
| Diarrhea is associated with colonization, attachment and destruction of microvilli | Enteropathogenic Colibacillosis caused by (EPEC |
| Mechanism of invasion not known | Enteropathogenic Colibacillosis caused by (EPEC |
| Associated with bacteremia or septicemia | Septicemic colibacillosis (Colisepticemia) caused by (EIEC |
| Endotoxin-mediated | Septicemic colibacillosis (Colisepticemia) caused by (EIEC |
| May or may not have diarrhea or intestinal lesions | Septicemic colibacillosis (Colisepticemia) caused by (EIEC |
| Enters thru respiratory or intestinal tract | Septicemic colibacillosis (Colisepticemia) caused by (EIEC |
| Multiply in blood or tissue | Septicemic colibacillosis (Colisepticemia) caused by (EIEC |
| Fibrinopurulent systemic lesions in different organs such as pericardium, liver and heart | Septicemic colibacillosis (Colisepticemia) caused by (EIEC |
| are present in E. coli similar to many other Gram- negative bacteria | Endotoxins |
| They are part of the outer layer of the cell wall. Embedded in the outer membrane of the cell | Endotoxins |
| It is a complex phospholipids-polysaccharide-protein macromolecule | Endotoxins |
| Endotoxins are released in soluble form during bacterial growth and liberated when bacteria lyse | Endotoxins |
| They are less toxic than exotoxins | Endotoxins |
| Pyrogenic | Endotoxins |
| Causes leucopenia, hypotension | Endotoxins |
| Complement activation | Endotoxins |
| Intravascular coagulation | Endotoxins |
| Death | Endotoxins |
| also produce EXOTOXINS | Certain strains of E. coli (ETEC |
| Certain strains of E. coli (ETEC) also produce EXOTOXINS Two types | Heat-labile and Heat-stable exotoxin |
| Large immunogenic portion | Heat labile type |
| Non-immunogenic | Heat stable type |
| These exotoxins are produced in the intestines | ENTEROTOXINS |
| They attach to different receptors on the intestinal epithelium | ENTEROTOXINS |
| ENTEROTOXINS activate adenylate cyclase which results in increased | cAMP |
| The increased cAMP causes | hyper secretion of water and chlorides into the gut lumen resulting in fluid loss |
| Very soon after birth a neonate ingests | E. coli |
| may inhibit the sudden and abnormal rate of multiplication of these organisms in the intestines | Colostrum |
| should receive 50 ml to 80 ml (or 5% body weight) colostrum/kg body weight within the first 12 hours of birth. Repeat 18 to 20 hours | Calves |
| can be frozen for several months, with almost no deterioration | Colostrum |
| Thaw in lukewarm water before you use | frozen Colostrum |
| Occurs in calves under 2 weeks but has been seen in calves up to a month old | Enteric colibacillosis (ETEC): E.coli with K99 pili |
| Typically occurs in calves 4 to 5 days old | Septicemic colibacillosis or colisepticemia (EIEC |
| Excess fluid in the intestineDiarrhea for several daysMucus present | Enteric colibacillosis (ETEC): E.coli with K99 pili |
| Septicemic colibacillosis or colisepticemia (EIEC | E. coli infections in Cattle |
| there is no scouring. In most acute cases there may be no temperature as the septicemia is overwhelming | In acute colisepticemia |
| is associated with cases of acute mastitis bovine | E. coli |
| Usually associated with poor sanitation | Bovine Mastitis |
| One or more quarters of the udder become swollen and painful | Bovine Mastitis |
| High temperature, 103 to 108 oF | Bovine Mastitis |
| Milk production falls rapidly and may cease | Bovine Mastitis |
| Vaccines usually contains E.coli, Streptococcus sp. & Staphylococcus sp | Bovine Mastitis |
| Pigs are susceptible to disease during the first 14 weeks or so after birth | E. coli |
| E. coli infection in Pigs Various names have been given to these conditions according to the | age, symptoms and lesions |
| 1 to 12 days of age | Neonatal colibacillosis/Piglet scours |
| Diarrhea, dehydration with high mortality - 70% | Neonatal colibacillosis/Piglet scours |
| Edema disease (Post-weaning colibacillosis | E. coli enterotoxemia (ETEC |
| Occurs at about 1 week after weaning | Edema disease (Post-weaning colibacillosis) E. coli enterotoxemia (ETEC |
| An acute, highly fatal neurological disorder | Edema disease (Post-weaning colibacillosis) E. coli enterotoxemia (ETEC |
| The disease is dependent upon colonization of small intestine by E. coli that produces a toxin | Edema disease (Post-weaning colibacillosis) E. coli enterotoxemia (ETEC |
| staggering gait, muscular tremors & spasms, edema of eyelids, subcutaneous sub-serosal edema | Edema disease (Post-weaning colibacillosis) E. coli enterotoxemia (ETEC |
| All edema producing E. coli produce hemolysin and have K88 pili antigens | Edema disease (Post-weaning colibacillosis) E. coli enterotoxemia (ETEC |
| Toxin causes arterial degeneration and increased vascular permeability | Edema disease (Post-weaning colibacillosis) E. coli enterotoxemia (ETEC |
| Yolk sac of embryos is the center of infection | E.coli infection in Poultry |
| Occurs in all types and age groups of poultry | E. coli infection |
| Associated with dusty litter | Airsacculitis |
| Navel infection | Omphalitis |
| A variety of syndromes from which E. coli has been isolated | Enteritis Coligranuloma Synovitis and arthritis |
| A new disease of racing greyhounds ” caused by O157:H7 strain | Alabama Rot |
| Lactose fermenter, non hemolytic | Enterobacter |
| Found widely in nature | Enterobacter |
| is the species of veterinary importance | Enterobacter aerogenes |
| They are opportunistic pathogens | Enterobacter |
| can be associated with mastitis in cows and sows | Enterobacter aerogenes |
| Lactose fermenter, non hemolytic | Klebsiella |
| Opportunistic pathogenHas a large polysaccharide capsule | Klebsiella |
| Associated with mastitis in cattle, cervicitis and endometritis in mares | Klebsiella |
| pneumonia in calves and foals and urinary tract infections in dogs | Klebsiella |
| Lactose non-fermenter | Proteus |
| Motile, characteristic swarming on blood agar and non- hemolytic | Proteus |
| Hydrolyze urea. Deaminate phenylalanine and produce H2S | Proteus |
| Otitis externa in dogs | Proteus |
| are the species of veterinary importance. | Proteus mirabilis and Proteus vulgaris |
| in dogs and horses Urinary tract infections are frequently caused by | Proteus |
| Gram negative rods, oxidase negative | Klebsiella |
| Blood agar: Large, wet mucoid, whitish-grey | Klebsiella |
| MacConkey agar: Pink, slimy coalescing, not surrounded by red haze (D/D: E.coli | Klebsiella |
| Metritis and cervicitis in mares | K. pneumoniae |
| Pneumonia and suppurative lesions in calves and foals; Mastitis in cows on wood shavings and sawdust; Urinary tract infections in dogs | Klebsiella |
| Treatment: Amoxicillin-Clavulanate, enrofloxacin, tetracycline, trimethoprim-sulfonamide | Klebsiella |
| Susceptibility test recommended | Klebsiella |
| Gram negative coccobacilli, non-hemolytic, slow growth in MacConkey | Yersenia |
| are important human and animal pathogens | Y. enterocolitica, Y. pestis and Y. pseudotuberculosis |
| causes enteric red-mouth of fish & infection usually results in hemorrhagic septicemia | Y. ruckeri |
| causative agent of human plague. (Cats are infected most frequently than other domestic animals --- source of infection to humans | Y. pestis |
| human enteric pathogen | Y. enterocolitica |
| enteric (wild & domestic animals & septicemic (cage birds & laboratory rodents | Y. pseudotuberculosis |
Created by:
alljacks
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