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Restorative Art
Chapter 5- Physiognomical Form of the Head and Facial Structure
| From the side view there are 3 basic linear forms of the facial profiles | o 1. Vertical/Balanced o 2. Convex o 3.Concave |
| What kind of relationships do the 3 basic linear forms of facial profiles denote? | forehead, upper lip, and chin |
| How is the forehead described? | from the eyebrows upward |
| How is the chin described? | by its relationship to the upper lip |
| Vertical Profile (Balanced) | Balanced- forehead, upper lip, and chin on a vertical line |
| Convex | Forehead recedes from the eyebrow to the hairline and the chin recedes from the projection of the upper lip |
| What is the most common profile type? | Convex |
| What is the least common profile type? | Concave |
| Concave | Forehead protrudes from the eyebrow to the hairline and the chin protrudes farther than the upper lip |
| 6 Variations from the basic 3 profiles | o 1. Convex-Concave o 2. Concave-Convex o 3. Vertical- Convex o 4. Vertical-Concave o 5. Convex- Vertical o 6. Concave- Vertical |
| What does the first term in a variation profile refer to? | forehead to the hairline |
| What does the second term in a variation profile refer to? | lower lip to the chin |
| 7 major frontal views | oval, round, square, oblong, triangular, inverted triangle, diamond |
| What is the most common type of frontal profile? | oval |
| Oval frontal profile | The classic egg-shaped form Nose is usually straight and proportional in length |
| Round frontal profile | Infantine Type The jawline, cranium, and the hairline usually complete the curve |
| Square frontal profile | Strong Type Usually has very little curvature The nose is usually long and sharply chiseled |
| Long and Narrow Usually hollow cheeks Nose is usually long and prominent at the tip | Oblong frontal profile |
| What is the least common frontal profile? | Triangular |
| Triangular Frontal Profile | Wider between the angle of the jaw than it is at the forehead |
| Wide at the forehead, narrow at the jaw Nose is generally long and thin | Inverted Frontal Profile |
| Wide across the cheekbones, narrow at the forehead and jaw | Diamond Frontal Profile |
| 4 Types of Bilateral Facial Forms | o Oval-***Most Common*** o Angular- this refers to the sharpness o Round- Sides are round and fully curved o Square- Has very little curvature across the face |
| Where is the normal hairline located at? | on the crown above the frontal eminences |
| What is the rule of thumb when analyzing the profile form? | Always analyze the profile form of the forehead separately from that of the facial profile |
| Forms of the forehead | Vertical, Receding, protruding |
| Vertical Form of the forehead | Less common Straight or convex from eyebrows to the frontal eminences |
| Receding Form of the forehead | A slanted forehead |
| What is the most common form of the forehead? | receding |
| What is the least common form of the forehead? | protruding |
| Protruding form of the forehead | A concave forehead Commonly seen on infants |
| Bilateral Forms of the Forehead | o These should be analyzed separately from the facial profiles o Lateral margins are created by the lines of the temple o The forehead turns into the side of the head at approximately 110-degree angle |
| 3 planes of the forehead | • Central- superior to the nose and medial ends of the eyebrows • Lateral- recedes laterally to the lines of the temple • Temporal |
| Physiognomy of the Temple | o The temporal region lies on the sides of the head o The anterior border is the lateral rim of the eye socket and the line of the temple o The inferior border is the zygomatic arch and a small portion of the cheek bone |
| Physiognomy of the Cheeks and Jaw Line | The upper boundary (Posterior end) creates the widest part of the face |
| What area of the face is more susceptible to change? | Cheeks |
| Jawline | from the frontal aspect: the position of the angle of the jaw is chiefly responsible for the form of the head |
| Narrow Jawline | the angle is not very silhouetted |
| Curving Jawline | The angle is less visible, lower on the head, making the posterior margin longer |
| Square Jawline | The angle approaches a right angle |
| Angular Jawline | The angle is more visible- usually the chin recedes |
| The upper cheek is strongly influenced by the ____ | cheekbone |
| Cheekbones project ___ & ___ | anterior and lateral |
| The prominence of the cheekbone is determined by | the lateral rim of the eye socket |
| Normally the lateral rim dips ____ between the forehead and the cheekbones | concavely |
| Absence of the concave dip between the forehead and the cheekbone causes what? | the cheekbones to appear more flattened and less prominent |
| A large concavity of the lateral rim of the eye socket is caused by what? | an abnormal prominence of the cheekbone |
| Planes of the Cheek 1 | A line drawn from the most prominent point of the cheekbone, slightly lateral and inferior to the corner of the eyelids, inclines medially as it descends to the mental tubercle of the chin |
| Planes of the Cheek 2 | A line drawn on the anterior plane of the cheekbone to the center of the upper lip |
| Planes of the Cheek 3 | A line drawn on the lateral plane of the cheek from the most prominent point of the cheekbone to the angle of the jaw |
| Planes of the Cheek 1 | A line drawn from the most prominent point of the cheekbone, slightly lateral and inferior to the corner of the eyelids, inclines medially as it descends to the mental tubercle of the chin |
| Planes of the Cheek 2 | A line drawn on the anterior plane of the cheekbone to the center of the upper lip |
| Planes of the Cheek 3 | A line drawn on the lateral plane of the cheek from the most prominent point of the cheekbone to the angle of the jaw |
| Zygomatic Arch Depression | A small. Narrow, elongated concavity running horizontally below the zygomatic arch from the ear to the cheekbone |
| Emaciation | a generalized concavity of the cheek |
| Anterior cheek | an elongated, relatively wide depression may be located below the lower front margin of the cheekbone |
| Posterior cheek | an elongated, relatively wide depression may be located below the lower rear margin of the cheekbone |
| Size and form of the chin depend chiefly upon what? | the development of the bony system |
| The prominence of the chin contains | muscle and adipose tissue |
| The square form of the chin results from | bone |
| the oval form of the chin results from | muscle |
| the spherical form of the chin results from | adipose tissue |
| the greatest projection of the chin lies slightly ____ to the upper margin of the _______ | inferior, labiomental sulcus |
| 3 Frontal Forms of the Chin | Square, Spherical, and oval or sharp |
| The form of the chin is suggested by what? | the form of the upper and lower borders of the chin |
| The sharp narrow chin exhibits_____ than the oval type | less transverse curvature |
| The surface of the chin is convex stimulating______ | the curvature of the upper integumentary lip, the cheeks, and the forehead |
| The full rounded surface of the chin exhibits what? | greater convexity than the square type |
| The submandibular area | the diamond-shaped area located between the internal margin of the body of the mandible and the neck at the level of the hyoid bone |
| In profile view, recedes inferiorly to the neck | the submandibular area |
| What causes the double chin | an abundance of adipose tissue |
| the elevation of the head to an unnatural position places the chin too close to the chest causes | an artificial double chin |
| T/F-The submandibular tissues are bunched together and the platysmal sulcus appears deep in a double chin | True |
Created by:
Thenrysnyders