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Constitution
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Bill of Rights | first 10 amendments of the Constitution |
| Anti-Federalists | those who did not support ratification of the Constitution |
| checks and balances | a system that allows one branch of government to limit the exercise of power by another branch; requires the different parts of government to work together |
| Articles of Confederation | the first basis for the new nation’s government; adopted in 1781; created an alliance of sovereign states held together by a weak central government |
| bicameral legislature | a legislature with two houses, such as the U.S. Congress |
| confederation | a highly decentralized form of government; sovereign states form a union for purposes such as mutual defense |
| Declaration of Independence | a document written in 1776 in which the American colonists proclaimed their independence from Great Britain and listed their grievances against the British king |
| enumerated powers | the powers given explicitly to the federal government by the Constitution (Article I, Section 8); power to regulate interstate and foreign commerce, raise and support armies, declare war, coin money, and conduct foreign affairs |
| federal | system a form of government in which power is divided between state governments and a national government |
| Federalists | those who supported ratification of the Constitution |
| Great Compromise | a compromise between the Virginia Plan and the New Jersey Plan that created a two- house Congress; representation based on population in the House of Representatives and equal representation of states in the Senate |
| natural rights | the right to life, liberty, and property; believed to be given by God; no government may take away |
| republic | a form of government in which political power rests in the hands of the people, not a monarch, and is exercised by elected representatives |
| reserved powers | any powers not prohibited by the Constitution or delegated to the national government; powers reserved to the states and denied to the federal government |
| separation of powers | the sharing of powers among three separate branches of government |
| social contract | an agreement between people and government in which citizens consent to be governed so long as the government protects their natural rights |
| supremacy clause | the statement in Article VI of the Constitution that federal law is superior to laws passed by state legislatures |
| The Federalist Papers | a collection of eighty-five essays written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay in support of ratification of the Constitution |
| Three-Fifths Compromise | a compromise between northern and southern states that called for counting all a state’s free population and 60 percent of its slave population for both federal taxation and representation in Congress |
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sharimaclachlan
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