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Chapter 9&17
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Bedounis | small groups of nomadic people in Arabia |
| Muhammad | Prophet of Islam whom Muslims recognize as Allah's messenger to all humankind |
| Hegira | Mohammad's journey from Mecca to Medina |
| Islam | a monotheistic religion whose prophet is Muhammad and whose holy book is the Qur´an |
| Muslims | followers of Islam |
| Qur´an | the sacred text of Islam |
| Five Pillars of Islam | behaviors and obligations that are common to all Muslims, which include the profession of faith |
| Mosque | a building for Muslim prayer |
| Jihad | ¨struggle for the faith¨ , can be thought as an individual or common struggle |
| Abu Bakr | First Muslim caliph |
| Caliph | ¨successor to the Prophet¨; title given to the political and religious leader of Muslims |
| Caliphate | area ruled by a caliph |
| Umayyad | first ruling dynasty over the Muslim Caliphate |
| Sunnis | ¨people who follow the Sunna (way of the Prophet)¨ |
| Shia | a branch of Islam whose adherents believe that the caliphate must go to a descendant |
| Sufis | a branch of Islam emphasizing a personal, mystical connection with God |
| Abbasid | dynasty that overthrew the Umayyad dynasty to rule the Muslim caliphate from 750 to 128 |
| Harun al-Rashid | Fifth Abbasid caliph (ruled 786 to 809); under his rule, the Abbasid dynasty reached its height and Islamic culture experience a flowering |
| Ghazis | warriors for the Islamic faith |
| Ottomans | ruling dynasty of the Ottoman Empire (1293-1922), named for Osman I , the founder; at the Empires height, the Ottomans ruled a vast area |
| Sultan | title for the ruler of the Ottoman Empire |
| Jainissaries | highly trained soldiers in the elite guard of the Ottoman Empire |
| Mehmed ll | Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1444 to 1446 and again from 1451 to 1481. He helped conquer Constinople |
| Suleyman l | Sultan for the Ottoman Empire from 1520 to 1566; he expanded the empire and took on large economic affairs |
| Shah | name given to a king of Safavid Empire |
| ´Abbas | Shah of the Safavid Empire in Persia he has lead many military victories and has skilled administration brought about a golden age |
| Babur | Founder of the Mughal empire of India |
| Mughal Empire | a Muslim empire in India |
| Akbar the Great | Mughal emperor of India he enlarged his empire to include nearly all of the Indian peninsula |
| Sikhism | an Indian religion founded in the late 1400s whose beliefs blend elements of Hinduism and Islam |
| Shah Jahan | Mughal emperor of India from 1628 to 1658; under its rule the empires power reached its peak |
| Taj Mahal | a mausoleum built by India's Mughal emperor Shah Jahan |
| Aurangzeb | Mughal emperor who made Mughal´s power extend its greatest extent |
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