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Ch.13
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Charlemagne | King of Franks; united much of France, Germany, and northern Italy |
Papal States | Territories in central Italy controlled by the pope |
counts | Title of nobility |
navigation | Guidance of ships from place to place |
sagas | long stories about great Icelandic heroes and events |
Leif Eriksson | Norwegian explorer; led a group of vikings to North America |
knights | Nobles who were members of a lord´s armored cavalry |
fief | Grant of land from a lord to a vassal |
vassal | Person granted land from a lord in return for services |
feudal system | Political system based on granting land in exchange for services |
fealty | Loyalty owed by a vassal to his feudal lord |
manorial system | Economic system in the middle ages that was built around estates |
serfs | Peasants legally bound to their lord´s land |
Alfred the Great | King of Wessex; defeated Danish invaders and united Anglo-Saxon England |
William the Conqueror | King of England; powerful French noble who brought England feudalism |
Domesday Book | Written record of English landowners and their property mabe in order by William the Conqueror |
Eleanor the Aquitaine | Queen of France and England; most powerful woman in Europe in the middle ages |
Magna Carta | Charter agreed by King John of England that granted nobles certain rights and restricted the king´s power |
Parliament | Governing body of England |
Hugh Capet | King of France; elected to succeed King Louis V |
Otto the Great | King of Germany; defeated the Magyar army |
Reconquista | Effort of Christian leaders to drive the Muslims out of Spain |
piety | Devotion to one´s religion |
pontificate | Papal term in office |
Pope Gregory VII | Roman Catholic Pope; his assertion of church power led to conflict with Henry IV |
Henry IV | King of Germany; excommunicated by Pope Gregory VII |