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? is/are fed into transformers to reduce distribution voltage to the utilization voltage specified by the health care facility.
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Prior to electrical power deregulation, what two service feeds would health care facilities often have?
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Health Care
lesson 2: Utility Power
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| ? is/are fed into transformers to reduce distribution voltage to the utilization voltage specified by the health care facility. | Utility power |
| Prior to electrical power deregulation, what two service feeds would health care facilities often have? | One local or primary power grid and one non-local or secondary power grid |
| Due to the high cost of installing the infrastructure needed to provide redundant utility power sources, many design engineers are ? . | utilizing on-site power generation |
| What is the most cost-effective solution for switching between redundant power supplies in the event of a failure? | Manual transfer switches |
| true/false In a manual transfer utility design, in the event of a failure, a qualified person opens the primary feeder switch and closes the secondary feeder switch to provide normal utility power to the facility. | true |
| Primary and secondary utility distribution feeders are brought to the ? of a distribution voltage rated transfer switch. | line side |
| In a two service system that employs two distribution feeders and two utility transformers, each service is sized to handle ? of the health care facility. | the entire load |
| In a two-service system that employs two distribution feeders and two utility transformers, how many of the transformers’ secondary sides are provided with a disconnect? | 2 |
| Double-ended switchgear electrically divides the load into two distinct sections through the use of ? . | tie-breakers |
| During normal operation of double-ended switchgear, the mains from both utility transformers are ? , and the tie breaker between the two ends of the switchgear is ? . | closed/open |
| During a utility power outage of the primary service, the main switch on the primary should be opened and the tie breaker in the double-ended switchgear should be closed. The secondary service will now carry how much of the health care facility load? | 100% |
| A qualified person should open the main switch of the utility transformer experiencing the outage ? closing the tie breaker to avoid backfeeding the grid with the entire energy of the second energized service. | before |
| To avoid the potential catastrophe of the main and tie breakers being closed at the same time, equipment manufacturers utilize a ? system. | keying this system uses a keys that are captured by the system when a switch is closed. this system requires a key to open and a a key to close both the main switch and the tie-breaker. |
| How many keys exist in the keying system used to prevent back feeding of double-ended switchgear? | 2 |
| NFPA 99 and NFPA 110 require certain loads in health care facilities, namely elements of the essential electrical system, to be brought online within ? of a power outage. | 10 seconds |
| What must be done for current from different utility feeders to occupy the same service bus without issue? | Phase synchronization must be done. |
| true/false Opening one device on a loop distribution system will adequately deenergize the distribution loop. | false |
| NFPA 99 and NFPA 110 require health care facilities to have on-site power generation capacity sized to take on several types of loads. Which type of loads are covered by these codes? | Critical systems, Defined equipment and Life safety systems |
| true/false On-site generation is required to have the capacity to assume the entire load of the health care facility. | false |
| true/false NFPA 99 and NFPA 110 require on-site generation to assume the life safety, critical, and defined equipment loads within 10 seconds after a normal power outage. | false |
| In the event of a generator overload, NFPA 99 and NFPA 70 allow generating systems to ? . | shed the equipment load |
| When multiple generators are attached to a common bus, ? is used to ensure each generator is in phase with the others. | paralleling switchgear |
| What is the minimum number of generators used in parallel? | 2 |
| What concerns should be considered when installing diesel and natural gas generators? | Heat distribution, Mounting requirements and Starting systems |
| Generator fuel is often stored in large underground tanks. This fuel is typically pumped into smaller tanks called ? that are located near the generators. | day tanks or transfer tanks |
| Day tanks use ? to alert personnel that a fuel pump is malfunctioning and is no longer pumping fuel from the storage tank. | low-level alarm limit sensors |
| Day tanks use ? to activate the main storage fuel pump to fill the day tank. | low-level limit sensors |
| Day tanks use ? to shut off the main tank pumping system when the tank is full. | high-level limit sensors |
| If the fuel pump or level sensors are malfunctioning, day tanks use ? to signal personnel that the tank is about to overflow. | high-level alarm sensors |
| Approximately ? of the energy released by burning fuel is converted into electrical energy. | 33% |
| true/false A malfunctioning exhaust gas heat exchanger will quickly cause a generator to overheat and go offline. | false it will not impact the performance of the generator due to the malfunction of an exhaust gas heat exchanger |
| For generators installed in an enclosed environment, ? are used to move coolant to and from remotely located radiators. | electric pumps |
| true/false Coolant degrades over time, which can cause scale deposits to build up on the radiator core, limiting the core’s ability to cool the coolant. | true coolant degrades over time, which can cause scale deposits to build up on the radiator core, severely limiting the core's ability to exchange heat with the surrounding air. |
| What is the most likely cause for a generator start up failure? | Undercharged batteries the most common cause for starting failure lies with the generator starter motor batteries and the associated battery charging equipment. |
| In cold climates, generators are fitted with ? to keep the engine blocks at the optimum temperature for quick starting. | block heaters |
| Typically, generator starter motor batteries are lead-acid storage batteries. However, some systems use ? . | nickel cadmium batteries |
| NFPA 99 requires generator accessories such as battery charging equipment to be installed on the ? branch of the essential electrical system. | life safety |
| When batteries have reached the end of life as determined by the manufacturer, or when they are not testing to manufacturer’s specifications, they should be ? . | replaced promptly |
| In the past, during high demand periods, power companies would offer health care facilities with self-generation capabilities a reduction in rates if the facility would generate power during these high demand periods. This practice is known as ? . | peak shaving this was a double win for facilities, which ended up using less utility power during these high demand periods and paying reduced rates for utility power. |
| What should be considered before a health care facility enters into a peak shaving agreement? | The cost of fuel, The cost of generator wear and tear, The price of utility power |
| The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has expressed concern about peak shaving because of ? . | diesel exhaust pollution |
| Because self-generation for non-essential loads is not required to be online within 10 seconds after an outage, ? have become an attractive alternative to reciprocating engines. | gas turbines |
| Turbine engines have much less vibration than reciprocating engines because ? . | their shaft rotation is continuous |
| Gas turbine generators have ? power to weight ratio than diesel generators. | a lower |
| Gas turbine generators can be a good choice for on-site power generation because ? . | they are dual-fuel capable, they are quieter, they have lower emissions |
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