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World Music Mid Term
Terms and Questions for mid-term
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What does the word "Syncretize" mean? | To combine or unite different or opposing principles; to reconcile differing things, especially religious views. |
| Animism | Is the religious belief that all objects, places, and creatures have a distinct spiritual essence. |
| Animistic retentions | "Syncretizing " some of the original (usually animistic beliefs) with that of a dominant religious belief system. Example: Cuban Santeria = W. African (Nigerian) Tribal beliefs with Catholicism. |
| What does the term "Diaspora" mean? | The DISPERSION of any people from their original homeland to some other place in the world. Example: The Chinese Diaspora |
| What is Ethnomusicology or an Ethnomusicologist? | The study of the combined discipline of Anthropology and Musicology. A person who studies music in its cultural context. |
| What are the 3 " S's" ? | Sound, Setting, Significance |
| What is Acoustic's? | The study of the "Physical properties" of a particular sound; All music is made up of many different sounds. |
| What is a Participant -- Observer? | The "Participant" is an individual doing research on a musical culture, and is participating in the daily life of that culture while also doing "Observations" of that culture. |
| Name the 5 categories of the Sachs-Hornbostel World Instrument Classification system and give an example of each. | Ideophone - any that is struck - triangle, tambourine Chordophone - uses strings - A violin or a 1 stringed dan bau Aerophone - blown into - trumpet - conch shell Membranophone - a membrane stretched over an opening- drums Electrophone - Uses electricity to make sound - a keyboard |
| What is primary research? | Research including direct observation, participation, and interviews from original sources; NOT taken from books and the internet, those are "secondary" sources. |
| What is PITCH? | The "highness or lowness" of a sound. (Shelemay definition) |
| What is Rhythm? | The temporal (time) relationship within music. Rhythm usually (but not always) circulates around a steady beat (or pulse). The rhythm can also be off of the steady pulse, or inbetween beats. Called syncopation. |
| What is CULTURE? | The totality of socially transmitted behavior patterns, arts, beliefs, institutions, and other products of human work and thought. Essentially - Everything in a culture. |
| What were the Scottish Bagpipes originally used for? | Instruments of War. |
| What is MUZAK? | Bland and soothing music meant to set the mood. Also known as Canned Elevator Music. |
| What is the musical term for a ballad, what does it mean and give an example | Strophic form. It is verse, chorus, different verse, same chorus, verse, chorus etc. Barbara Allen. The Corrido's. |
| What is the National Music of Ghana? | Highlife |
| What is Santeria and where is it practiced? | Cuba. It is a syncretization of Afro-Cuban influences from Nigeria and the Catholic religion. |
| Another folk religion practiced on the island of Trinidad is called what? | Shouter or Spiritual Baptists. It is a syncretization of African deities with the Catholic Religion. |
| What is a Mariachi? | A Mexican instrumental ensemble. They play the Guitarro, Vihuela, Violin and Trumpets. They also sing. |
| What is the "Mass." | The central complex of prayers and ceremonies in the Roman Catholic and Orthodox Christian Church. |
| What are the 4 characteristics of sound that all cultures have organized their music by? | Quality, Intensity, Pitch, Duration |
| Define "Music." | Organized sound (pitches) that is meaningful to people within a specific time and place. |
| What are the 2 factors that have influenced the making of instruments from the beginning of time. | Available materials and the development of metallurgy. |
| Sounds seem loud or soft to us because of their? | Intensity. |
| Sounds seem high or low to us because of their? | Pitch |
| A Melody is made up of? | A set of pitches (or sounds) arranged into a beginning, middle and end (or a pleasing arrangement of pitches) |
| What are some of the terms used to describe vocal music? | head tone, vibrato, raspy, chest voice, falsetto, nasal quality, warm, bright, dark, reedy, brassy, loud, soft . . . and many more. |
| East Indian music is organized around a system called? | Raga |
| Silence can be defined as: | The total absence of sound. |
| Every city, town, and village has it's own what? | Distinctive Musical profile. |
| The "Autumpan" is also known as what, and what was it originally used for? | Talking drums. They were used in Ghana by the Akan to send messages. They produce several tones similar to the Akan language. |
| Music Scholars have long used what term to refer to music that is transmitted through the traditional "oral method." | Folk Music |
| The Bhangra is what? | A South-Asian dance style from the Punjab region of East India known for its repetitive movements like in the Jhummer. |
| What is the dhol? | A large, 2 headed drum made of mango wood. It used to be the only instrument to accompany the Bhangra. |
| What is Bhangra known for? | It's repetitive movements like in the Jhummer. |
| What are the 3 stages used in most life-cycle events such as wedding and funerals? | Separation, transition, and incorporation. |
| The goal of Santeria worship is to? | To establish a relationship with the Orishas (spirits) and to seek their guidance. |
| The Santeria chant to the God, Chango uses what musical elements between the leader, chorus and instrumentalists? | Call and response; Polyrhythmic (many rhythms) texture, Pentatonic Scale (5 tones) and Interaction between the Three drums. |
| Music has always played its part in displays of political power. How? | National identity and ideology through national anthems and the works songs of the Chinese Cultural Revolution. |
| There are 2 types of political messages in music. They are? | Open messages and Coded messages. |
| The Open musical Displays of power are called what? | Public Transcripts. |
| There are also Hidden Transcripts. What do they do? | They EMBED messages through metaphors or coded terms. Both those in power, and the dis-empowered have Hidden transcripts. |
| Who FIRST sang the song, "We shall overcome" in the U.S. as a form of political protest. | The African American workers during the 1940's. |
| According to our textbook, there is considerable repetition and repeated segments in South African melodies. It is called? | Iterative form. Short, repetitive phrases. |
| The South African song, "Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika" officially sung after Nelson Mandela became president, is sung in what languages. | English, Zulu, German, and Afrikaan. But there many other verses in many other languages not officially part of the anthem.. |
| The reggae term "riddim" refers to what? | The tempo; the emphasis on the 2nd & 4th beats, repeating patterns & the relationship between the bass and the rhythm instruments. |
| What were the early music genres that contributed to "Reggae" music (in Jamaica). | The Afro-Jamaican Burru, the cult music of Kumina, Mento, and Ska. |
| What Native American tribes does Shelemay discuss as having been traumatically forced to migrate by the U.S. and Canadian governments. | The Cherokee and the Shoshone. |
| If you go to a pow-wow, how should you behave when the eagle staff is brought in and/or during the entire pow-wow? | Stand respectively taking your hat off and carefully observe how other Native American people are behaving. ALWAYS show respect. |
| As in many cultures, the Balinese use music for several different purposes. What are they? | For both religious and secular events including musical theater with puppets. |
| The word ENTRAINMENT means what? | It means that music has an effect on the body. |
| What types of music do Mariachi ensembles play? | Polkas, waltzes, folk songs, adaptations of pop tunes. |
| What are the two types of migration. When migrants leave their homeland, what travels easily with them? | Forced and voluntary. Music. |
| What are 3 things that can happen to the "remembered music" of migrants? | It can remain unchanged, it may be transformed, or it may be discarded. |
| What countries did the middle eastern migrants come from in our chapter. | Syria, Lebanon, Egypt. |
| What was the stage name of the famous Lebanese singer who gave a concert in Las Vegas and thousands of middle eastern migrants residing in the U.S. traveled to see her sing. | Her stage name was Fairouz. |
| What were the major reasons that both waves of Chinese migrated from their homeland? | Political Anarchy, Economic Crisis, Jinshan, and famine. |
| A song that is created by writing new lyrics to an old melody is called what? | Contrafactum |
| The early 19th C interactive exhibitions of daily life in various cultures (World Fairs), Shelemay calls? | Panoramic |
| Does music often have a strong association with a particular locale. Give an example. | Yes. Hawaii |
| Can music be owned by a family, clan, community, individual, and like a commodity (a thing) and be protected by copyright. | Yes |
| Was the ukulele invented by making a smaller, simpler version of a Spanish Lute? | Yes |
| Who is Yo-Yo Mah and what did he do that was discussed in our textbook? | He created and launched the "Silk Road Project - a Musical Caravan." |
| What is music's role in dance? | A constant partner. |
| What is all dance? | A universal form of a bodily expression. |
| What is Capoeira? Where does it happen. Why? | A combination of martial arts, dance, and music. It is a centuries old practice in Brazil. Mastering its movements shows cunning and savvy. |
| What is a Berimbeau? | The main music instrument used with Capoeira. It is like a bow with 1 string. |
| How can you, as a student, put to use the study of ethnomusicology in your own life. | Varied answers. |
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