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CNA 2023
Chapter 8 Body structure and function
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The basic unit of body structure is the: | Cell |
| Each cell has the same: | basic structure |
| To live and function, cells need: | food, water, and oxygen |
| Which part of the cell directs the cell's activities? | Nucleus |
| Where is the nucleus located | at the center of the cell |
| How many chromosomes are in each cell? | 46 |
| Which controls inherited traits? | Genes |
| The process of cell division is called | mitosis |
| Groups of cells with similar functions are: | tissues |
| which allows the body to move by stretching and contracting? | Muscle tissue |
| Groups of tissues with the same function form: | organs |
| Systems are: | groups of organs that work together to perform special functions. |
| Which statement about the integumentary system is correct? | It is the largest body system |
| Which is the outer layer of the skin? | Epidermis |
| What gives skin it's color | Pigment |
| Where are blood vessels, nerves, seat and oil glands, and hair roots found? | The dermis |
| Which helps the body regulate temperature? | The sweat glands |
| Which helps keep the hair and skin soft and shiny? | The oil glands |
| Which is a function of the skin? | it prevents excessive amounts of water from leaving the body |
| The musculoskeletal system does which of the following? | allows the body to move |
| Which bones bear the body's weight | Long bonds |
| Which part of the bone contains blood vessels that supply bone cells with oxygen? | Periosteum |
| Blood cells are manufactured in the: | bone marrow |
| The point at which two or more bones meet is: | a joint |
| Bones are held together at a joint by: | Ligaments |
| Which allow movement? | Joints |
| The hips and shoulders are ------joints. | ball-and-socket |
| Which are voluntary muscles? | Arm and leg muscles |
| Which is a function of muscles | Maintaining posture |
| Muscles are connected to bones by: | tendons |
| The connective tissue at the end of long bones is called: | Tendons |
| Which is a main part of the brain? | Brainstem |
| Thought and intelligence are centered in the: | cerebrum |
| Damage to the cerebral cortex can affect which of the following? | Reasoning |
| Which regulates and coordinates body movements? | The cerebellum |
| The brainstem contains which of the following structures? | pons |
| Heart rate, breathing, and blood vessel size are controlled by the: | Medulla |
| Swallowing, coughing and vomiting are all controlled by the: | Medulla |
| Pathways that conduct messages to and from the brain and are contained in the: | spinal card |
| The spinal cord is about __________ inches long | 18 |
| This protects the brain and spinal cord | cerebrospinal fluid; |
| The peripheral nervous system consists of: | crainal nerves and spinal nerves |
| The sympathetic nervous system: | speeds up body functions |
| What system is stimulated when you are excited, exercising, or scared | The sympathetic nervous system |
| The white of the eye is the: | sclera |
| The opening in the middle of the iris is the: | pupil |
| In bright light, pupil size | decreases |
| Nerve fibers for vision are found in the : | retina |
| Light enters the eye through the: | cornea |
| Besides hearing, another ear function is: | balance |
| The waxy substance secreted by glands in he ear is: | cerumen |
| Which separates the external ear and the middle ear? | The tympanic membrane |
| The Tympanic membrane is also called the: | eardrum |
| Which carries messages to the brain? | the acoustic nerve |
| The circulatory system does which of the following? | Carries food and oxygen to the cells |
| The circulatory system does which of the following? | pumps blood |
| The liquid part of the blood is: | plasma |
| What substance gives red blood cells their color? | Hemoglobin |
| Red blood cells are bright red when they are saturated with: | oxygen |
| Red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets are produced by: | the bone marrow |
| White blood cells: | protect the body against infection. |
| Which is the muscular part of the heart? | the myocardium |
| Which heart chamber receives blood from body tissues | Right atrium |
| Which heart chamber pumps blood to all parts of the body? | left ventricle |
| Which is the working phase of the heart? | Systole |
| Which vessels carry blood away from the heart? | Arteries |
| Which is the largest artery? | Aorta |
| Which vessels are involved in passing food and oxygen to the cells? | Capillaries |
| Which vessels carry blood back to the heart? | Veins |
| Which carries blood from the legs and trunk back to the heart? | Inferior vena cava |
| The process of supplying the cells with oxygen and removing carbon dioxide from them is: | respiration |
| Inspiration involves: | breathing in |
| Normally, air enters the body through the: | nose |
| another name for the trachea is the: | windpipe |
| Oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged: | between the alveoli and capillaries |
| Which separates the lungs from the abdominal cavity? | the diaphragm |
| after passing through the trachea, air enters the: | right bronchus and left bronchus |
| Each lung is covered by a sac called the: | pleura |
| Which of the following is one of the three parts of the bone framework that protects the lungs? | Vertebrae |
| The process of breaking food down physically and chemically for absorption and use by the body is: | digestion |
| The digestive system: | removes solid wastes from the body |
| Which is a part of the digestive system? | The mouth |
| Which is a part of the small intestine? | The duodenum |
| Which is a part of the large intestine? | The colon |
| Digestion begins in the: | mouth |
| what is secreted by salivary glands in the mouth : | Saliva |
| What is the function of saliva? | It moistens food particles for easier swallowing |
| Which secretion starts digestion? | saliva |
| During swallowing, the tongue pushes food into the: | pharynx |
| Food is moved through the esophagus by: | Peristalsis |
| The stomach is located in the _____ of the abdominal cavity | upper left part |
| What is the stomach's function in digestion? | It stirs and churns food to break it up into small particles |
| Chyme is produced in the: | stomach |
| Which is a part of the small intestine? | Duodenum |
| Bile is a greenish liquid produced by the: | Liver |
| Bile is stored in the : | gallbladder |
| Chyme moves though the small and large intestines by: | peristalsis |
| Most food absorption occurs in the: | small intestine |
| The large intestine is also called the : | Colon |
| Most of the water in absorbed from chime in the: | large intestine |
| After water is absorbed from chime, the remaining semi-solid material is called: | feces |
| The waste products of digestion pass out of the body though the: | anus |
| The urinary system: | removes waste products from the blood |
| The urinary system: | maintains the body's water balance |
| The urinary system involves which of the following? | Urethra |
| Urine is formed in the: | nephrons |
| Urine is stored in the: | bladder |
| The opening at the end of the urethra is the: | meatus |
| The female sex glands are: | ovaries |
| Sperm cells are produced in the: | testes |
| The male hormone is: | testosterone |
| What fluid carries sperm? | semen |
| Sperm cells leave the body through the: | urethra |
| The penis contains the: | urethra |
| Which part of the male reproductive system enters the female vagina? | The penis |
| Female sex cells are called: | ova |
| During the reproductive years, a female sex cell is released: | monthly |
| The process of releasing a female sex cell is: | ovulation |
| The female sex glands secrete: | estrogen and progesterone |
| Where does a fertilized sex cell grow during pregnancy? | the uterus |
| Which par of the female reproductive system opens to the outside of the body? | the vagina |
| External genitalia in the female are the vulva: | vulva |
| The labia majora and labia minora: | are folds of tissue on each side of the vagina |
| Menstruation normally occurs: | every 28 days |
| During menstruation: | the endometrium is discharged from the body |
| Menstrual flow usually lasts: | 3 to 7 days |
| Menstrual flow is | bloody |
| The master gland of the body is the: | pituitary gland |
| Growth hormone is secreted by the ________ glad(s) | pituitary |
| Which hormone regulates metabolism? | Thyroid hormone |
| Too little thyroid hormone results in which of the following? | Slowed body processes |
| The adrenal glands are located: | on top of each kidney |
| The adrenal glands secrete: | epinephrine and norepinephrine |
| The pancreas secretes: | Insulin |
| Which hormone controls the amount of sugar in the blood? | Insulin |
| The immune system functions to: | protect the body against disease and infection. |
| A person has protection against a disease or condition. This is: | immunity |
| An abnormal or unwanted substance is: | an antigen |
| Which produces antibodies? | Lymphocytes |
| Which increases heart rate, blood pressure and energy? | Epinephrine and norepinephrine |
Created by:
Healthtrade