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E.S. Exam #2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The human population is approximately ____ | 7 billion |
| Which of the following best describes the human population from early times to the present? | Slow, uneven growth until the 1800s, then increasingly rapid growth |
| Which statement most accurately describes population control efforts in China | A One-Child policy that Is enforced through taxation and penalties has successfully controlled population growth |
| According to John Kasaona, work in this country has greatly reduced poaching | Namibia |
| Diminishing population growth rates in poor countries can be partially attributed to ____. | Education to women |
| Declining death rates due to increased food production and improved medical care while birth rates remain high is characteristic of the ____ stage | transitional |
| Areas with the least dense human populations are in | Desert, tundra, rainforest |
| Which of the following countries has the highest population of growth rates. | Pakistan |
| Of the following factors, ____ drives TFR down | social and economic security |
| The most accurate terms describes the trend over the past 50 years for human use of natural resources are ___. | increasing and unsustainable |
| Monoculture ___. | is an agricultural practice of growing large stands of a single species |
| Until about 10,000 years ago, our species depended on ___. | hunting and gathering |
| Recombinant DNA ___ | is the merging of DNA from unrelated organisms to create new genetic varieties |
| Raising ___ requires the most land and water | beef cattle |
| Researchers have demonstrated that organic farming ____ | Decreased organic soil losses while giving yields comparable to conventional farming |
| Of the following ____ requires the least land to produce 1 kg of protein | chicken |
| Of the following ____ best describes integrated pest management (IPM) | biocontrol measures, crop rotation, and habitat diversification |
| Relative to sustainable agriculture, insects' roles are as ____ | Essential pollinators and predators |
| It is more energetically efficiencyt for us to eat more ____. | Plant-based food |
| during the past half-century, global food production has ____ world population growth | grown at a faster rate than |
| Terracing, contour farming, intercropping, and crop rotation all ___ | Are techniques for conserving soil resources and fertility |
| ___ classify species using an organism's physical appearance and genetic makeup. | Taxonomists |
| The greatest diversity (numbers of different species) of organisms can be found in ____. | Insects |
| The extinction of a particular population from a given area (but not the entire species globally) is called | extirpation |
| What is the greatest contributing factor in the loss of polar bears in arctic areas? | Decline in sea ice |
| A species of lizard has gone extinct. This could be due to any of the following reasons except. | Increased genetic diversity within the species |
| The health of a population can be measured by the number of ___ in the population | Alleles |
| Bullfrog tadpoles are often sold as fish bait, even in areas where they do not occur naturally. When people buy 10 of them and don't use them all, they often dump the remainder into the lake or river. This is an example of | Introduced species |
| The field of conservation biology ____ | attempts to integrate an understanding of evolution, ecology and extinction |
| Ecotourism | increases biodiversity by providing income to areas that might otherwise be destroyed |
| The wood thrush makes its nest in woodlands in the northern and eastern U.S. As patches of woods become smaller, increasing numbers of wood thrush nests have eggs laid in them by the brown-headed cowbird. Cowbirds live in open fields and are nest parasite | habitat fragmentation makes it easier for cowbird paratism to occur |
| The causes of the current (sixth) mass extinction include all of these, but not ___. | earthquakes, tsunamis and forest fires |
| ___ are replacing primary forests in much Southeast Asia | Oil palm plantations |
| Deforestation | has the greatest impacts in tropical areas and agrid regions |
| Clear-cutting ____ | removes all trees from an area |
| The SLOSS dilemma involves controversy over ___ | habitat fragmentation and preserve design |
| Second-growth forests ___ | are forests establish themselves after virgin timber has been removed from an area |
| The forests in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan from which your text book was made are | harvested using ecosystem-based management |
| Prescribed burns would be used in forests ___ | Are subject to servere wildfires to remove fuel load and stimulate new growth |
| "Edge Effects" are particular problem when | Formerly large habitats are reduced to small fragments |
| Rachel Carson's book Silent Spring primarily focuses on the environmental problems associated with ___ | pesticide toxicity |
| ___ are best defined as substances that cause cancer | Carcinogens |
| Toxicants that interrupt essential biochemical processes in organisms by blocking one or steps in important biochemical reactions are known as ___ | pathway inhibitors |
| Bisphenol A is ___ | an estrogen mimc that is used in plastic manufacturing |
| Aquatic animals such as fish and frogs are especially good indicators of water pollution because ____ | Most chemicals are water soluble so they enter these organisms through drinking water or skin absorption |
| Acute exposure to an environmental toxin | are high exposures over short times and associated with a specific case |
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sarabanks188