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Epidemology

TermDefinition
Odds ratio The level of exposure in a diseased group of animals divided by the level of exposure within a non-diseased group
P-value A level of significance which determines whether to reject or accept the hypothesis
95% confidence interval 95% confident that the population value lies within this range. Probability that the value will be accurate at a 95% confidence
Sporadic Irregular or haphazard occurrence of disease - related to environmental conditions
Recall bias When a farmer cannot remember the full details of an event which happened within the past - i.e. vaccinations, clinical signs
Incidence The number of new cases that occur in a known population over a specified period of time
Prevalence The number of instances of disease or infection in a known population at a designated time, without distinction between old and new cases.
Case control study A retrospective study which looks back to identify why disease occurred in some animals but not others.
Confounding Variables which can have an adverse effect on result (i.e. age, sex, breed)
3 conditions which must be fulfilled for something to be a confounder in a study 1 - be a risk factor for disease 2 - be associated with exposure 3 - not to be an intermediate step in the causal pathway
Risk factor A characteristic or exposure which increases the likeliness for disease
Prospective Something which can happen in the future
Prospective cohort Outcome has not happened yet, able to follow over time - providing more time for clinical signs to arise and be identified. Good for investigating rare exposures.
Power (i.e. 80%) The probability that it will reject a false null hypothesis
What would need to happen to sample size if power needed to be at a higher level (i.e. 90% power) Increase sample size
Created by: Gemma-plant
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