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Apologia Physics M1

Motion in 1 Dimension

TermDefinition
physics attempts to explain everything seen in nature
Thomas Aquinas listed presence of motion as one of his 5 arguments for the existence of God
displacement the change in an object's position
vector quantity physical measurement that contains directional information
scalar quantity physical measurement that does not contain directional information
velocity time rate of change of an object's position, how quickly an object's position is changing
formula for finding velocity change in x/change in t -OR- change in position (displacement) divided by change in time
Notations of velocity must always include directional information.
speed the time rate of change of the distance traveled by an object
Velocity and displacement are both vector quantities - they contain directional information.
SI unit for velocity is in meters per sec.
Because speed does not include directional information, it is a scalar quantity.
instantaneous velocity the velocity of an object at any one moment (or instant) of time
average velocity the velocity of an object over an extended period of time
Instantaneous velocity is calculated over an infinitely short time span.
Instantaneous velocity cannot really be measured, but it can be estimated by looking at a graph.
Average velocity is calculated over a long time span. It is really all of the velocity measurements that we make.
Velocity can be seen on a graph by the slope of a position versus time on the curve.
If the line on a graph rises, the slope is positive (+).
If the line on a graph falls, the slope is negative (-).
If the line on a graph is flat, the slope = 0.
Velocity is relative.
Nearly every aspect of physics has practical application.
What an observer actually sees is the difference between his velocity and the velocity of what he is observing.
Acceleration is the time rate of change of an object's velocity.
a = change in velocity divided by change in time
If acceleration and velocity have opposite signs, the object is slowing down.
If acceleration and velocity have identical signs, the object is speeding up.
Acceleration is the agent by which velocity change occurs.
The slope of a velocity-versus-time curve is the acceleration.
One special property of a velocity-versus-time curve is that the area under the curve represents the object's displacement.
The area under a curve is studied in calculus.
If velocity is zero, acceleration does not have to be zero.
If acceleration is zero, velocity does not have to be zero.
An object will speed up whenever its velocity and acceleration have the same signs.
Created by: MrsHough
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