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Chapter 3 Terms
Security+ SY0-501 7th Edition Terms (Chapter 3)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| access control list (ACL) | A table or data file that specifies whether a user or group has access to a specific resource on a computer or network. |
| access point (AP) | The point at which access to a network is accomplished. This term is often used in relation to a wireless access point. |
| active response | A response generated in real time. |
| alarm | A notification that an unusual condition exists and should be investigated. |
| alert | An indication that an unusual condition could exist and should be investigated. |
| all-in-one appliance | An appliance that performs multiple functions. |
| analyzer | The component or process that analyzes the data collected by the sensor. |
| anomalies | Variations from normal operations. |
| anomaly-detection IDS (AD-IDS) | An anomaly-detection intrusion detection system works by looking for deviations from a pattern of normal network traffic. |
| appliance | A freestanding device that operates in a largely self-contained manner. |
| application-level proxy | A device or software that recognizes application-specific commands and offers granular control over them. |
| Authentication Header (AH) | An IPSec header used to provide connectionless integrity and data origin authentication for IP datagrams and to provide protection against replays. |
| clustering | A method of balancing loads and providing fault tolerance. |
| compensating controls | Gap controls that fill in the coverage between other types of vulnerability mitigation techniques (where there are holes in coverage, we compensate for them). |
| data loss prevention (DLP) | Any systems that identify, monitor, and protect data to prevent it from unauthorized use, modification, destruction, egress, or exfiltration from a location. |
| Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP) | An IPSec header used to provide a mix of security services in IPv4 and IPv6. ESP can be used alone or in combination with the IP Authentication Header (AH). |
| encapsulation | The process of enclosing data in a packet. |
| false negative | An event that should be flagged but isn’t. |
| false positive | A flagged event that isn’t really an event and has been falsely triggered. |
| firewall | A combination of hardware and software filters placed between trusted and untrusted networks intended to protect a network from attack by hackers who could gain access through public networks, including the Internet. |
| host-based IDS (HIDS) | An intrusion detection system that is host based. An alternative is an intrusion detection system that is network based. |
| HSM (hardware security module) | A software or appliance stand-alone used to enhance security and commonly used with PKI systems. |
| implicit deny | A condition that states that unless otherwise given, the permission will be denied. |
| Internet Protocol Security (IPSec) | A set of protocols that enable encryption, authentication, and integrity over IP. IPSec is commonly used with virtual private networks (VPNs) and operates at Layer 3. |
| intrusion detection system (IDS) | Tools that identify attacks using defined rules or logic and are considered passive. An IDS can be network based or host based. |
| intrusion prevention system (IPS) | Tools that respond to attacks using defined rules or logic and are considered active. An IPS can be network based or host based. |
| key management | The management of all aspects of cryptographic keys in a cryptosystem, including key generation, exchange, storage, use, destruction and replacement. |
| load balancing | Dividing a load for greater efficiency of management among multiple devices. |
| network access control (NAC) | The set of standards defined by the network for clients attempting to access it. Usually, NAC requires that clients be virus free and adhere to specified policies before allowing them on the network. |
| network intrusion prevention system (NIPS) | An intrusion prevention system that is network based. |
| network-based IDS (NIDS) | An approach to an intrusion detection system (IDS); it attaches the system to a point in the network where it can monitor and report on all network traffic. |
| passive response | A nonactive response, such as logging. Passive response is the most common type of response to many intrusions. In general, passive responses are the easiest to develop and implement. |
| proxy | A type of system that prevents direct communication between a client and a host by acting as an intermediary. |
| proxy firewall | A proxy server that also acts as a firewall, blocking network access from external networks. |
| proxy server | A type of server that makes a single Internet connection and services requests on behalf of many users. |
| Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) | A protocol that secures messages by operating between the Application layer (HTTP) and the Transport layer. |
| SIEM | Security information and event management (SIEM) software combines security information management (SIM) and security event management (SEM) functions to provide real-time analysis of security alerts. |
| signature-based system | A system that acts based on the digital signature it sees and offers no repudiation to increase the integrity of a message. |
| SSID broadcast | An access point’s broadcasting of the network name. |
| stateful inspection | Inspections that occur at all levels of the network and provide additional security using a state table that tracks every communications channel. |
| switch | A network device that can replace a router or hub in a local network and get data from a source to a destination. Switching allows for higher speeds. |
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