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BLUEPRINT [LR/LG]
LESSON 7: Cause & Effect//Strengthen//Weaken//Grouping Games
Question | Answer | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
How are causal conclusions weakened? | **Similar cases that fail to follow same pattern | **Introducing alternate causes | ||||
What are some ways for similar cases not to follow the same pattern? [ causal conclusions weakened] | **Cause without effect -Showing claimed cause was not followed by claimed effect in similar situation | **Effect without cause -Showing claimed effect was achieved despite absence of claimed cause in a similar situation | ||||
What is an unwarranted assumption? | **Come from invalid arguments | **Each of the prevalent flaws is an unwarranted assumption | ||||
What do Stable Grouping Games do? | **Define the exact number of players in each group | EX: Selling exactly 5 of the following 8 types of toys | ||||
What do Unstable Grouping Games do? | **DO NOT define the sizes of the groups | EX: Selling some of the following 8 types of toys | ||||
What is Cause/Effect? | **Argument attempts to explain [why] something happened | **Has causal relationships -1 factor produces another | **Have causal conclusions -Have very high burden of proof | **Can contain alternate causes -When something else could have produced an effect | **Can appear on RC questions -Will ask you to strengthen/weaken relationships | **Can appear on LR strengthen/weaken questions |
What should your 1st thought be when encountering a causal conclusion? | **What are some plausible alternate causes?? |