6 functions pores assist the skin in performing

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Integumentary Ch 8

Question	Answer
Microscopic study of the skin’s tissue	Skin histology
Study of the skin, its structure, functions, diseases and treatments	Dermatology
Tiny openings or passageways, which allow sweat or sebum to pass through the surface of the skin	Pore
A pore can contain it or an opening that contains the root of a hair	Hair follicle
6 functions pores assist the skin in performing	1.Protection 2. Absorption 3. Secretion 4. Excretion 5. Regulation 6. Sensation
Skin function: shields internal tissues from toxins and acts as barrier to infectious bacteria and to extreme heat and cold	Protection
Using it’s thousand of pores on the surface of the skin to provide necessary moisture, nourishment and protection - penetration	Absorption
COmplex mixture of fatty substances that keeps the skin soft, supple and pliable	Sebum
Protective barrier to prevent bacteria from invading the skin. Layer of sebum on the skin	Acid Mantle
Skin releasing sebum-a function	Secretion
Removal of waste via the skin	Excretion
Maintaining tempature	Regulation
Contains millions of nerve end fibers that transport stimuli sent from brain and spinal cord to the corresponding parts of the body	Sensation
Primary component of skin cells is a protein substances called	Keratin
Keratin is found in 2 forms:	1. Hard Keratin 2. Soft Keratin
Makes up the fingernails and hair	Hard Keratin
Makes up the skin	Soft Keratin
The outermost layer of the skin, also referred to as the cuticle or scarf skin	Epidermis or epidermal layer
The underlying or inner, second layer of the skin also called the derma, cornium, cutis or true skin	Dermis or dermal layer
Located below the dermis and is composed primarily of _______	Subcutaneous layer, also called subcutis or subdermis ___Adipose or fatty tissue
Known as the protective layer	Epidermis
Epidermis is primarily composed of	Keratinocytes, which consist of the protein keratin
In addition to the keratinocytes, the epidermis layer is also made up of	Epithelial cells with cover and protect the inside of the body
5 layers of the epidermis:	1. Stratum corneum 2. Stratum Lucidum 3. Stratum Granulosum 4. Stratum Spinosum 5. Stratum Germinativum
First passageway into the skin. Keratinocytes are located within the	Stratum corneum
Toughest layer of the epidermis. Keratinocytes are continually shed and replaced by new cells from the layers below.	Stratum Corneum
Unlike hard keratin found in nails, Keratin produced by the skin remains soft through a process called	Keratinization, the chemical conversion of living cells into dead protein cells.
Layer that is hardened, cornfield, horny cells	Stratum Corneum
Layer that is transparent, clear (ludic) cells	Stratum Lucidum
Layer that has grain like cells	Stratum Granulosum
Layer that is spiny, irregularly shaped cells	Stratum Spinosum
Layer that is cell growth, (Basal or Basement layer)	Stratum Germinativum or Statum Basale
Keratinization takes place on all exposed skin surfaces except the cornea of the eye. On exposed surface, the keratinocytes remain tightly interconned by intercellular connections called	Desmosomes *the interconnectedness makes this lay water resistant, protects the skin’s moisture balance by acting as barrier to moisture loss
Normally Keratinocytes remain in the stratum Corneum for about ____ days before they are shed	28
Cells within the stratum Corneum protect the layers below with _____	Squamous cells
Layer found throughout the body but is thickest on the palms of the hand and soles of the feet. Transparent layer that lies between the stratum corneum and the stratum granulosum	Stratum Lucidum
Keratinocytes of this layer contain densely packed clear keratin.	Stratum Lucidum
In this layer, cells are more regularly shaped and resemble may tiny granulated.	Stratum Granulosum
Granules (dying cells) on their way to the skin’s surface to replace cells that are shed from the Stratum Corneum are located in what layer	Statum granulosum
Structures or components that perform specific functions for each cell	Organelles
All the cells are dead in the following layers:	Stratum granulosum, stratum Lucidum, stratum corneum
Called the spiny layer because of the desmosomes (intercellular connections) appear as spines	Statum Spinosum
There are ____ to _____ layers in the stratum spinosum	8-10
Found in the Stratum Spinosum layer and help protect the body from infection	Langerhans Cells
Foreign substances that provoke an immune response in the body are known as	Antigens
Immune Cells called ________ recognize the antigens displayed on the Langerhans cells to assist in destroying them	T-Cells
Lowest layer of the epidermis is the	Stratum Germinativum or Basal Layer
Contains basal cells that continually divide through a process called mitosis, to replace the cells that are lost from the cornfield outermost layer.	Stratum Germinativum or Basal Layer
Replacing of the Stratum Corneum layer from theStratum Germinativum takes approximately	25-30 days
Connections in the stratum Germinativum-one layer- which contains specialized cellular connections. These connections attach the epidermis to the dermis forming what is called the basement membrane	Hemidesmosomes
The basal cells in the basement membrane eventually become	Keratinocytes
Merkel and melanocytes cells are found in the	Stratum Germinativum
Touch receptors, or sensory cells, that are only found in thick skin (without hair) in the stratum Germinativum.	Gives skin it’s color and are NOT found in the thick skin such as the palms of your hands or the soles of your feet
Melanocytes, Melanosomes	Melanocytes produce _________ , which is packaged in intracellular vesicles called _____________
In response to UV rays, Melanocytes increase the production of	Melanosomes
Referred to the “true skin”, it is 25 times thicker than the epidermis and nourishes the lower epidermis	Dermis
Functions as the support structure, is comprised of many connective tissues and is rich in capillaries and blood vessels.	The dermis
Connective tissues in the dermis are composed of a semi-fluid, jellylike substance containing	Fibroblast cells, collagen protein and elastin fibers
Found in the dermis, these are responsible for the formation of fibers and aid in the production of collagen and elastin	Fibroblast cells
Strong protein substance that when broken down, forms bundles that strengthen and give structure to the skin. Makes up approximately 70% of the dermis	Collagen
Found in bone cartilage, tendons, and other connective tissues and is a major component in would healing and scar formation	Collagen.
Excessive amounts of collagen may product thick, raised scars called	Keloids as well as hypertrophic scars
Fiberous protein, similar to collagen and is the basis of what forms elastic tissue	Elastin *When functioning properly can stretch to 2 x original length
Cells located in the dermis, respond to allergies by releasing small granules called histamines	Mast Cells
2 layers of the dermis	1. Papillary dermis 2. Reticular dermis
Layer lies directly beneath the epidermis, rich in blood vessels and capillaries, provides nutrients to the upper layer. It’s finger like projections extend into the epidermis to nourish the skin	Papillary dermis
Papillary dermis houses sensory nerve endings called	Receptors *Pain receptors are free nerve endings not associated with cells.
Merkel cells found in ___________of the palms and soles, have specialized nerve endings associated with them. Pain receptors detect extreme temperatures, mechanical surface injury and chemical applications such as high level chem peels	Stratum Germinativum
Free nerve endings located in the dermis. Cold receptors outnumber the heat receptors by 3-4 times.	Thermoreceptors
Sense stretching, compression or twisting of the skin. These actions distort cell membranes which cause ______________ to respond.	Mechanoreceptors
Tactile receptors are those that sense	General touch, pressure or vibration
4 Main receptors for sensation:	1. Meissner’s Corpuscles 2. Ruffini’s Corpuscles 3. Pack Ian Corpuscles 4. Krause’s End Bulbs
Light pressure and cold receptors	Meissner’s Corpuscles
Long term pressure and heat receptors	Ruffini’s Corpuscles
Deep pressure and pain receptors	Pacinian Corpuscles
Pressure and pain receptors	Krause’s End Bulbs
Lowest layer of the dermis	Reticular Dermis
Contains fewer blood vessels, in direct contact with the subcutaneous layer. Contains the collagen and elastin fibers that provide skin with its strength and flexibility	Reticular Dermis
_________ is the skin’s mattress __________ is the coils that hold it together	Collagen Elastin
5 things that originate in the reticular dermis	1. Sudoriferous glands (sweat) 2. Sebaceous glands (oil) 3. Hair Follicles 4. Lymph vessels 5. Arrector pili muscles
Produce sweat, a mixture of water, urea, electrolytes and lactic acid. Controlled by the body’s nervous system.	Sudoriferous glads
Each sudoriferous gland consists of:	A coiled base and tube-like duct opening on the skin’s surface in the form of a sweat pore.
Considered to be appendages of the skin, there are two types of sudoriferous glands	1. Apocrine 2. Eccrine
Sweat glands located under the arms, in genitals and the nipples. Secrete odorless susbstance which triggered by emotions rather than horomones	Apocrine Glands
Odor occurs when secretion attack bacteria on the surface of the skin. These are the only sweat glands that tend to be associated with a hair follicle and are not a major concern for a skin care professional	Apocrine Glands
Sweat glands located throughout the entire body and most abundant on the forehead, palms of the hands and soles of the feet	Eccrine glands
Sweat gland opens directly onto the skin’s surface through pores not associated with hair follicles. Associated with skin care treatments and of concern for estheticians	Eccrine glands
Like the thyroid gland, release their secretions (horomones) into the blood and are known as ductless glands.	Endocrine Glands
Like sweat gland and sebaceous gland, these release their secretions into ducts. These ducts deposit the glandular secretions on the surface of the skin	Exocrine glands
Influenced by the sympathetic nervous system, which produces physiological responses such as increased heart rate, blood flow, sweating and faster respiration.	Eccrine Glands *Most active when body is subject to physical activity and high tempatures
Primarily responsible for thermoregulation or lowering body temperature	Eccrine
Glands that continually produce and secrete sebum	Sebaceous glands
Complex mixture of fatty substances. Known as oil glands located in the dermis and distributed all over the surface of the body except in the palm and soles.	Sebaceous Glands
Largest number of sebaceous glands are found in the	Forehead, nose and back
Attached to the upper 1/3 of the hair follicle and are 2-3 times larger around facial hair follicles than scalp hair follicles	Sebaceous glands
Amount of sebum produced by the sebaceous glands is influenced by	Androgen - male horomones present in men and women
Sebaceous glands originate in the dermis, open to surface of skin, produce and release sebum to condition skin. Sebum mixes with secretion of the sweat glands creating a layer of oil and moisture called	The Acid Mantle
Located beneath the dermis, composed of primarily adipose tissue	Subcutaneous layer, also called subcutis or subdermis
Also contains some components of the sweat glands, some sensory nerves that recognize tough, pressure and temperature but mainly composed of adipose cells and loose connective tissue	Subcutaneous Layer
5 types of tissue found in the skin	1.Epithelial 2.Connective 3. Muscular 4.Nerve 5. Liquid
Type of tissue found in the epidermis	Epithelial
Type of tissue found in the dermis	Connective
Type of tissue found in muscles	Muscular
Type of tissue found in nerves	Nerve
Type of tissue found in blood and lymph	Liquid
4 Examples of connective tissue	-Collagen and elastin, which attaché the dermis to the subcutaneous tissue -Ligaments, which hold bones to other bones to form joints -Tendons, which tie muscles to bones -Cartilage, which lines the parts of the bone that would otherwise rub in joints
Produce collagen and elastin	Fibroblast cells
Contains fat used for energy production; also found in the subcutaneous layer	Adipocytes
Respon to allergic stimuli; contains granules with histamines	Mast Cells
Surround and digest foreign substances; white blood cells	Macrophages
Carry lymph	Lymphocytes
Fight infections	Microphages
Respond to pain; free nerve endings not associated with cells	Pain Rreceptors
Respond to temperature changes; free nerve endings not associated with cells	Thermoreceptors
Respond to stimuli that distort cell membranes; stretching, compression, twisting	Mechanoreceptors
Report the degree of mechanical distortion and the amount of weight	Pressure receptors
Report fine touch, pressure and vibrations	Tactile receptors
Report light pressure and cold	Meissner’s corpuscles
Report long-term pressure and heat	Ruffini’s corpuscles
Report deep pressure and pain	Pacinian corpuscles
Report pressure and pain	Krause’s end bulb
Cell located in the epidermis, covers and protects	Epithelial cells
Cell located throughout the epidermis. Produce keratin; majority of cells in epidermis	Keratinocytes
Cell located in Statum Germinativum, produce pigment granules that give color to the skin	Melanocytes
Cell located in the stratum Germinativum, divide and produce new cells to replace the skin cells that have been shed	Basal Cells
Cells located in the subcutaneous layer, provide insulation from and absorption of mechanical forces	Adipose cells
Cell located in the dermal layer, provide structure by making collagen and elastin fibers	Fibroblast
Cell located in the stratum spinosum, identify antigenic substances; immune cells	Langerhans cells
Cells located as the spines between the cells, provides strength and support between cells	Desmosomes
Cells located in the bottom layer of the epidermis, Conner the dermis to the epidermis	Hemidesmosomes
Cells located int he stratum Germinativum, detect subtle, gentle to light tough; slow reacting mechanoreceptors found in the epidermis; touch receptors	Merkel Cells
The process of _______ stimulates new cell growth	Exfoliation
Physical process of removing dead skin cells with an abrasive product, such as a scrub	Mechanical or manual exfoliation
Process of using natural substances such as enzymes or alpha hydroxy acids in conjunction with other ingredients	Chemical exfoliation
Process of absorption into the skin is known as	Transdermal penetration
4 primary ways that products are absorbed into the skin	1. Through pores 2. Through hair follicles 3. Through intercellular cement 4. Through sebaceous and sudoriferous glands
The substance that binds, adds structural strength, and mediates biochemical interactions between cells	Intercellular cement
Factors affecting skin absorption	-Condition of the stratum Corneum, thicker=slower -Hydration level; more moisture=slower -Oiliness of the skin; more oil=slower -Size of products molecules: larger molecule=slower -Temperature of skin:Higher=slower -Pore size: larger=faster -Temp
Characteristics include: small red bumps, urticaria (hives), blisters, scales, and erythema (redness)	Rash
A change in the structure of the skin tissue	Lesion
2 types of lesions	1. Primary 2. Secondary
Changes in the structure of the skin during the early stages of change and development	Primary lesions
7 Primary lesions	1. Macule 2. Wheal 3. Paulette 4. Pustule 5. Vehicle 6. Nodule/Tumor 7. Cyst
Discoloration on the skins surface. Flat areas, usually rounded and distance, may be oval irregular or have an outline that gradually fades into surrounding tissues. Example is large freckle	Macule
Solid formation above the skin, often caused by insect bites or allergic reaction. Sharply defined or solid, raised pink swelling or welt that rises above the skin	Wheal (weel)
Small elevation of the skin, usually inflammatory, that does not contain pus. Similar to vesicles in size, if they progress they can become pustules	Papule
Small inflamed elevation, the next step in the progression from a papule, filled with bacterial fluid and pus. Appear red and cloudy or white	Pustule
Fluid filled elevation in the skin caused by localized accumulation of fluids or blood just below the epidermis. Also known as a blister	Vesicle
Blister, and the Latin word for bubble, is a lesion similar to a visible but larger. Found above and below the skin and contains a clear watery fluid	Bulla
Solid mass within the skin. It may be soft, hard, fixed or freely moving	Nodule or tumor
An abnormal membranous sac containing a gaseous liquid or semi-solid substance	Cyst
Skin lesions that appear as a condition or disease progresses and requires treatment by a physician.	Secondary Lesions
A dried mass that is the remains of an oozing sore. The crusty material may contain blood, pus, sebum, epithelial tissue, and bacterial debris. Scab on a sore is an example	Crust
Mechanical abrasion of the epidermis. Appears bright to dark red because of dried blood, and occurs when insect bites, scabs or acne breakouts are scratched. Scratches to the surface of the skin	Excoriation
Is the shedding of dead skin cells of the uppermost layer of the epidermis. May be dry, such as with psoriasis or oily such as with dandruff	Scale
A formation resulting from a lesion, which extends into the dermis or deeper, and is part of the normal healing process. Permanent, can generally become less noticeable with time. Size and shape are dependent upon the extent of the original injury	Scar
Crack or line in the skin, may penetrate as deep as the dermis. Can be dry or moist. Often occur when skin loses it’s. Flexibility due to exposure to wind, cold or water	Fissure
Open lesion visible on the surface of the skin that may result in the loss of portions of the dermis and may be accompanied by pus. Skin care services may not be performed when such a condition is present	Ulcer
Hereditary rash or inflammation of the skin characterized by dry, sensitive irritated skin. Excess inflammation in the skin. Common locations are face, neck, and body folds.	Atopic Dermatitis
Rash caused by either an allergic reaction from contact with substances or non-allergic irritation from contact. Red, itchy, irritated eruption in the specific area of contact.	Contact Dermatitis
Common rash with redness and scaly, pinkish-yellow patches that have an oily appearance. Usually affects scalp but can also affect the face, chest, creases of arms, legs and groin.	Seborrheic Dermatitis (a form of eczema)
Inheritable disease that can be triggered by environmental factors if person is genetically predisposed to the disease. Produces an excess of thick, scaly, silvery skin pat aches surround by a red area. Chronic condition that can’t be cured	Psoriasis
Dry or noise lesions, an eruption of small vesicles and watery discharge. Generally accompanied by inflammatory redness and itching.Vesicles dry up leaving crusts. Skin care treatments should not be performed on active condition	Eczema
Allergic reaction that produces eruptions of wheals, also referred to as urticaria, rashes are triggered by a release of histamine in the body. Tend to be very itchy and can burn or sting as well	Hives
Caused by pathogenic bacteria or virus entering the body or skin and multiplying, interfering with the body’s normal state.	Infection
Highly contagious viral infection that lies dormant between outbreaks. Causes eruptive, blister like clusters and found on mucous membranes or skin around the mouth, nose, or genital area. No cure Transmitted when lesion comes into contact with uninfected	Herpes Simplex
Caused by the varicella-zoster virus (chickenpox). Starts with pain, tenderness and burning along a nerve root area on one side of the body only. Blisters occur within 5 days and can last up to 10	Herpes Zoster (shingles)
Highly contagious bacterial infection caused by staphylococcus Aureus organism. Produces a honey yellow, crusted lesion, usually on face, scalp or neck.	Impetigo
Contagious fungal disease characterized by red circular patches of blisters, caused by a fungal vegetable parasite.	Tinea (ringworm)
Fungal infection affecting the trunk, legs, or arms, characterized by a pink to red rash and itching	Tinea Corporis
Commonly known as tri-color yeast infection. Non contagious infection produces hypopigmented areas usually on neck, chest, back, and arms. Areas do not tan when infected	Tinea Versicolor or Pityriasis Versicolor
Viral infections on the top layer of skin that are caused by HPV. Produce a rough keratotic (deep horny skin layer) skin growths, found on hands, fingers, feet, and genitals	Warts or Verruca
Common skin infection caused by yeast. Red, well demarcated patches with a white film around them. Thrive on moist surfaces and in the folds of skin such as breast, arms, groin, mouth and vaginal area	Candida Albicans
Acute and very contagious, an inflammation of the membrane that lines the eyelid. Inflammation of the eyelids and eyeballs	Pink eye or Conjunctivitis
Over or Under activity of these glands can produce a variety of skin conditions	Sebaceous Gland Disorders
Dry scaly skin caused by reduced sebum production. Condition also occurs as tissue ages	Asteatosis or Xerosis
Condition caused by excess secretion of the sebaceous glands. Commonly associated with oily skin types	Seborrhea
Harmless sebaceous cyst filled with sebum which is considered a tumor of the sebaceous gland. Also called wens, usually appear on scalp, neck or back and range in size. When ruptures, can be painful as it stimulates inflammation response	Steatoma or wens
Painful infection of a hair follicle and adjacent subcutaneous tissue that appears as a firm nodule with a central, hard, pus-filled core. Involves 1 hair follicle	Furuncle or boil
Painful acute bacterial infection involves several hair follicles and the adjacent subcutaneous tissue. Larger than boils and often look like red nodules that ooze. Have a tendency to spread, have no central core and drain at several openings	Carbuncle (group of boils)
Chronic inflammatory condition of the face in which small capillaries of the face become dilated and inflamed. Superficial tissue of the face also becomes inflamed on the nose, cheeks, and chin. Often accompanied by red, acne type pustules and papule.	Rosacea *Common around age 35, prevalent in fair skin types and women.
Dilated capillaries at the surface of the skin are called______ these broken and inflamed blood vessels cause a persistent red, flushed look, typical of a person with rosacea	Telangiectasia
More sever form of rosacea which causes the tissue of the nose to swell and enlarge. Nose is red and marked with numerous telangiectasias causing elevated dark red blotches on the skin. More common in men	Rhinophyma
Chronic inflammatory disorder of the sebaceous glands. Occurs when hair follicles become plugged with sebum, dead skin cells and bacterial called PROPIONIBACTERIUM OR P. ACNESBACTERIA	Acne
This anaerobic bacteria flourishes in the absence of oxygen, irritates and inflames the hair follicle lining and causes the sebaceous gland to clog. Sebum cont. to be produced and trapped with bacterial under the skin along with pus.	Propionibacterium or P. Acne’s Bacteria
Acne is always caused by excess	Androgen
In acne, the degree of pore clogging is directly related to the accumulation of the keratinized skin cells that adhere to the follicle, called	Retention Hyperkeratosis
An open follicle with a black surface plug, which has been oxidized and discolored due to the sebum’s contact with the air. No skin covering the opening where the sebum comes into contact with the air	Blackhead or Open Comedo
Plural of comedo	Comedones
Plugged sebaceous gland with an opening that is not widely dilated. Bulge because sebum produced cannot escape. Generally soft, lack of inflammation and are easy to extract	Whitehead or closed comedo
Mild acne consisting of open and closed comedones scattered over less than half of the areas of the face or back.	Grade 1 Acne
Moderate acne that has an increased number of open and closed comedones as well as an occasional papule or pustule	Grade 2 Acne
Moderately severe acne that is characterized by numerous open and closed comedones, papule, pustules and occasional cysts. Frequently red and inflamed. Some acne scarring can start especially with the cystic lesions or acne lesions that have been picked	Grade 3 Acne - DO NOT TREAT
Severe acne consisting of numerous papule and pustules as well as a large number of cysts on the face, chest, and/or back. Large cystic lesions leave deep scarring. Acne can occur over 50% or more of the face	Grade 4 Acne - DO NOT TREAT
Small elevation of the skin, usually inflammatory, that does not contain pus	Papule
Small inflamed elevation, the next step in the progression from a papule, fulled with bacterial fluid and pus. Appear read and cloudy or white	Pustule
Pearly white enclosed cysts	Milia
Characteristic by inflammatory hard lesions found deeper in the skin at the point where the hair follicle becomes plugged with dead skin cell	Nodular Cystic Acne
Acne treatments include:	Topical therapies, medications, oral medications, & various other treatments
An ingredient used to dry and exfoliate. Releases oxygen, which helps in killing the bacteria	Benzoyl Peroxide
Medications prescribed by a physician to dry the skin and kill the bacteria that cause acne	Topical antibiotics
Contains Tretinoin, a powerful derivative of Vitamin A that dries the skin and promotes rapid exfoliation	Retain-A
An acid that promotes drying and cell turnover	Azaleic acid
A beta hydroxy acid that mildly dries and promotes cell turnover by producing a mild keratolyic action	Salicylic acid
An alpha hydroxy acid that breaks the bonds that connect skin cells together, allowing for cell turnover and exfoliation. Glycolic and alpha hydroxy peels remove the stratum corneum and unplug clogged pores	Glycolic acid
Oral therapies include the use of antibiotics such as:	Tetracycline, Minocycline, Erythromycin, which inhibit the growth of bacteria
Related to Retinoic Acic and sometimes prescribed for severe cases of grade 3 or 4 acne. Works by inhibiting the functioning of the sebaceous glands and the process of keratinization	Accurate, also called Isotretinoin
Foul smelling perspiration caused by the yeast and bacterial that break down the sweat on the surface of the skin	Bromidrosis or Osmidrosis
Lack of perspiration caused by a failure of the sweat glands. Often caused by fever or illness and requires medical attendion	Anhidrosis
Over production of perspiration caused by excessive heat or general body weakness	Hyperhidrosis
Small projections on the skin that can develop as a result of a variety of causes such as sun exposure, hormonal changes, trauma to the skin or rubbing. Can be classified as benign, pre-malignant or malignant tumors	Skin Growths
Have a regular shape, are skin colored or brown, can be flat or raised and are symmetrical	Being growths or moles
Small elevated growths that can easily be removed by a physician. Found where skin rubs against itself or clothing	Skin tags
Similar in appearance to malignant growths. Can be flat or raised, and are irregular in shape and border. Can be shades of black, brown, red, blue, or white	Pre-malignant growths
Common pre-malignant growths on the skin that are irregularly shaped, scaly, red-pink growths that feel rough to the touch and occur on sun-exposed areas	Actinic Keratosis
Cancerous growths	Malignant Growths
Common malignant lesions that tend to appear translucent, have irregular borders and tiny blood vessels running through them	Basal Cell Carcinomas
An irregular, crusted, red papule that occurs in sun exposed areas and ma be an actinic keratosis that went untreated	Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Most dangerous skin growth. Evolve from flat or raised pigmented lesions anywhere on the body	Melanoma
2 examples of malignant growths	Squamous cell carcinoma Melanoma
Pigmentation disorders are a result of abnormal pigmentation referred to as	Dyschromia
An excess production of melanin results in darker patches, and is called	Hyperpigmentation
Lack of pigmentation or melanin production results in light or white patches called	Hypopigmentation
Group of inherited conditions that results in the failure of the skin to produce melanin	Albinism
Congenital disorder that occurs when the skin lacks pigmentation due to a decrease in the melanocytes activity. Can cause partial or total loss of skin pigmentation, often in patches, spots, or bands. possible to acquire hypopigmentation as in vitiligo	Leukoderma
Acquired skin disease characterized by white patches that are caused by a loss of pigment in a number of melanin cells. These unpigmented areas are often surrounded by heavily pigmented border and the hair in the patches is usually white	Vitiligo
Birthmark or cengenital mole	Nevus
Also known as a freckle, small yellowish or brownish spot on the skin. Typically multiples due to sun exposure	Lentil or lentigines
Disorder that results from trauma to tissue from acne, burns, injury or some skin rashes such as dermatitis or psoriasis. Condition creates flat, darkened patches that are irregular in shape and appear anywhere the inflammation occurred	Post-Inflammatory Hyperpigmentation (PIH)
Common disorder in pregnant women which results in increased pigmentation (hyperpigmentation) causing flat, light to dark patches to occur on the face. Mask of pregnancy	Chloasma or Melasma
A term used to identify intense and severe conditions; implies a rapid onset	Acute
A substance that causes an allergy	Allergen
A sensitivity that may develop from contact with normally harmless substances such as fragrances or colorings; symptoms of an allergy may include itching, redness, swelling and/or blisters	Allergy
A term used to describe conditions that are frequent and continuing persisting for a period of 3 months or more	Chronic
Refers to a disease that is communicable by casual contact	Contagious
An inflammatory disorder of the skin	Dermatitis
An allergic reaction to certain cosmetics or chemicals. This is a form of contact dermatitis that frequently occurs with skin care and Beirut’s professionals	Dermatitis Venenata
Identifications of a disease based on the presence of certain characteristics	Diagnosis
A swelling of tissue or skin, caused by an excessive accumulation of fluid in the tissue	Edema
A redness of the skin caused by dilation or congestion of the capillaries	Erythema
The study of the cause of diseases, disorders or conditions	Etiology
An excessive amount of keratin cell production on the stratum corneum, or horny layer of the skin	Hyperkeratosis
Reaction of tissue to irritation characterized by redness, pain, swelling and/or increased tempature	Inflammation
The buildup of skin cells on the epidermis	Keratosis
These symptoms are visible to the eye, such as papule, pustules, and redness	Objective Symptoms
A health condition that is created or influenced by the employment environment	Occupational disorder
A skin condition that is caused by animal or vegetable parasites, such as pedicures is (lice) or ringworm	Parasitic disease
The study of diseases and disorders, their causes, processes, development and consequences	Pathology
Predicting the probable course and outcome of a condition, disorder or disease	Prognosis
An inflammation that causes severe itching, usually on unmanaged skin	Pruritus
A skin condition or disorder influenced by the weather or seasonal changes	Seasonal disease
These are symptoms that can be felt by the client but are not visible to others, such as itching and burning	Subjective symptoms
A disease that is active internally throughout the body system	Systemic disease
The skin’s natural aging process.	Intrinsic Aging
Skin aging caused by external factors, also known as skin deterioration	Extrinsic Aging
Fitzpatrick Phototype Scale has how many types	6
Always burns, never tans, very fair skin, generally with red or blonde hair	Type 1
Almost always burns and tans minimally, very common skin type characteristic of fair-skinned individuals	Type 2
Sometimes burns, and usually tans. This client could be of Mediterranean descent, a white skin with medium pigment	Type 3
Tans easily and very rarely burns. Client’s skin color tends to be a moderate brown shade	Type 4
Almost always tans and seldom burns. This client could be of Asian, Indian, Latin, Hispanic, or some African descent	Type 5
Never burns and tans very dark. Clients’ skin is black in color	Type 6

Created by: Ingabrown

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