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130. What are the three incident priorities when performing tactical ventilation?

A. Extinguishment, personnel safety, risk mitigation
B. Resource management, life safety, extinguishment
C. Life safety, salvage operations, pumper management
D. Life safety, incident stabilization, property conservation
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131. Which of the following is a reason for performing tactical ventilation?

A. Decreasing reliance on fire streams
B. Decrease costs of fireground operations
C. Reducing potential extreme fire behavior
D. Reducing need for interior fire operations
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FF 1 Chapter 13

Tactical Ventilation

QuestionAnswer
130. What are the three incident priorities when performing tactical ventilation? A. Extinguishment, personnel safety, risk mitigation B. Resource management, life safety, extinguishment C. Life safety, salvage operations, pumper management D. Life safety, incident stabilization, property conservation D. Life safety, incident stabilization, property conservation
131. Which of the following is a reason for performing tactical ventilation? A. Decreasing reliance on fire streams B. Decrease costs of fireground operations C. Reducing potential extreme fire behavior D. Reducing need for interior fire operations C. Reducing potential extreme fire behavior Life Safety -improving life safety of ff and occupants -Reducing temperature -increased O2 concentrations -Reducing the concentration of toxic products of combustion -increasing visability -creating smoke free paths of egress Incident Stabilization -Locating the fire -confining the fire to the room, area or structure of origin -Extinguishing the fire Property Conservation -Increasing speed of extinguishing fire -reducing damage
132. Incident stabilization means: A. reducing interior temperatures. B. increasing oxygen concentration. C. controlling and extinguishing the fire in stages. D. increasing the number of smoke-free paths of egress. C. controlling and extinguishing the fire in stages.
133. When performing tactical ventilation, the highest incident priority is: A. life safety. B. risk mitigation. C. extinguishment. D. incident stabilization. A. life safety.
134. Which statement about tactical ventilation is MOST accurate? A. Tactical ventilation must be performed before fire attack. B. Tactical ventilation is implemented after the fire is confined. C. Tactical ventilation can be combined with fire attack to stabilize an incident. D. Tactical ventilation should not begin until the incident is stabilized. C. Tactical ventilation can be combined with fire attack to stabilize an incident.
135. Tactical ventilation reduces fire damage in structures and limits water damage because it: A. focuses on the use of foam to fight interior fires. B. allows for the use of fire streams with lower pressures. C. increases speed with which interior fires can be extinguished. D. allows salvage operations to begin simultaneously with fire attack. C. increases speed with which interior fires can be extinguished.
136. Which characteristic of modern single-family residential construction reduces firefighter access and increases potential exposure risks? A. Smaller lot sizes B. Open floor plans C. Larger structure sizes D. Composite construction material A. Smaller lot sizes
137. Which of the following is a characteristic of older structure construction? A. Smaller lot sizes B. Larger structure sizes C. Wall cavities filled with synthetic insulation D. Windows that could be opened for ventilation D. Windows that could be opened for ventilation
138. Which characteristic of modern construction produces large quantities of toxic, combustible gases during a fire? A. Energy efficient designs B. Treated wood components C. Lightweight structural components D. Use of plastics and other synthetic materials D. Use of plastics and other synthetic materials
139. Which of the following is a reason that modern construction may tend to contain fires for longe periods of time? A. Smaller lot sizes B. Energy efficient designs C. Increased fire load of decorative items D. Use of real wood and granite finishings B. Energy efficient designs
140. Which fire behavior indicator can provide an indication of interior fire conditions by observing its volume, location, color, density, and movement? A. Heat B. Smoke C. Flame D. Air flow B. Smoke
141. Velocity, turbulence, and direction are indicators of: A. flame. B. smoke. C. air flow. D. air pressure. C. air flow.
Air Flow The movement of air toward burning fuel and the mov emend of smoke out of the compartment of structure.
142. In a structure fire, what part of the flow path is an open doorway? A. Inlet vent B. Outlet vent C. Lower vent D. Upper vent A. Inlet vent
143. Which fire behavior indicator provides visual indicators such as blistering paint or crazed glass? A. Heat B. Flame C. Smoke D. Air flow A. Heat
144. Which fire behavior indicator provides visual indicators such as the size and location of the fire? A. Heat B. Smoke C. Flame D. Air flow C. Flame
145. The effect or lack of effect of fire streams indicates the size and extent of the fire when observing: A. heat. B. flame. C. smoke. D. air flow. B. flame.
146. Which of the following causes air flow? A. Combustion of interior finishings B. Introduction of oxygen into the burning materials C. Escape of gases and flames from burning materials D. Pressure differentials inside and outside compartment D. Pressure differentials inside and outside compartment
147. Which of the following factors determines the initial severity and extent of a fire? A. Adjacent exposures B. Number of responding units C. Availability of a water supply for suppression D. Activation of fire detection and suppression systems D. Activation of fire detection and suppression systems -type of fuel -amount of time it has been burning -the degree of confinement
148. Which of the following factors is a primary reason that firefighters should not create tactical ventilation openings in an uncoordinated manner? A. Can spread fire to uninvolved areas B. May damage roof of structure by creating openings C. Can cause fire streams to have negative affect on fire D. Creating openings does unnecessary damage to the structure A. Can spread fire to uninvolved areas
149. Which of the following personnel determines if ventilation is necessary? A. Battalion chief B. Senior firefighter C. Incident Commander D. Any firefighter can make the determination C. Incident Commander
150. Which of the following factors have a bearing on deciding where to ventilate? A. Number of bystanders B. Cost of ventilation operations C. Availability of rehabilitation facilities D. Indications of potential structural collapse D. Indications of potential structural collapse -Location of occupants -Availability of existing openings -Desired air flow path -Type of building construction -Wind direction -Extent of progress of the fire -Condition of the building and its contents -Indications of structural collapse -Effect of ventilation will have on fire -Effect ventilation on exposures -State of readiness of attack crews -Ability to protect exposures prior to ventilating -Protecting means of egress and access
151. Which of the following weather conditions has the most influence on ventilation operations? A. Wind B. Precipitation C. Temperature D. Atmospheric pressure A. Wind
152. Ventilation that causes heat, smoke, and fire to be discharged through wall openings below the highest point of the building creates danger because: A. multiple ventilation points will be created from the openings. B. oxygen levels will be increased for the upper levels of the fire. C. fire streams will be unable to reach the higher levels of the fire. D. rising gases will ignite portions of the building above exhaust point. D. rising gases will ignite portions of the building above exhaust point.
153. A small structure fire that requires ventilation consisting of opening doors and windows requires at minimum: A. two firefighters. B. three firefighters. C. four firefighters. D. five firefighters. A. two firefighters.
154. Cutting a hole in the roof above the fire or opening existing roof access doors, scuttles, or skylights are all examples of: A. inlet ventilation. B. outlet ventilation. C. vertical ventilation. D. horizontal ventilation. C. vertical ventilation.
Blowers Fans used to push fresh air into a structure
Smoke ejectors Intrinsically safe electric powered fans that are placed in the smoke filled atmosphere to push smoke out. can also be used to push smoke in.
Horizontal Ventilation Any technique where heat, smoke and other products of combustion are channeled horizontally out of structure. (opening doors, windows, other openings)
Vertical Ventilation Ventilating at a point above the fire through and existing or created openings channeling contaminated atmosphere vertically through a structure. (skylight, roof vents, roof doors)
Natural Ventilation Techniques that use wind, convection currents, and other natural phenomena to vent a structure w/o fans, blowers, smoke ejectors
Mechanical Ventilation Any mean other than natural ventilation. (blowers, fans, smoke ejectors, etc..)
Hydraulic Ventilation Ventilation by using a spray stream to draw smoke from as compartment through an exterior opening
155. Opening doors or windows is an example of: A. natural ventilation. B. vertical ventilation. C. hydraulic ventilation. D. mechanical ventilation. A. natural ventilation.
156. The means of mechanical ventilation involve pulling the smoke and fire gases out through an opening and pushing ___ into the structure and displacing the smoke and fire gases. A. oxygen B. fresh air C. a roof hook D. a rotary saw B. fresh air
157. Hydraulic ventilation involves using a spray nozzle set on a ___ pattern to draw the smoke out an opening such as a window or door. A. fog B. fan C. vertical D. horizontal A. fog
158. Allowing natural air currents and pressure differences to move smoke and heat out of the building is natural: A. exhaust ventilation. B. vertical ventilation. C. hydraulic ventilation. D. horizontal ventilation. D. horizontal ventilation.
Leeward Side Protected side opposite from blowing wind
Windward Side the side/direction the wind is blowing
EXHAUST OPENING Intended and controlled exhaust locations that are created or improved at or near the fire to allow products of combustion to escape the building
Negative Pressure Ventilation ( NPV) Technique of using smoke ejectors to develop artificial air flow and to pull smoke out of structure. smoke ejectors are placed in openings to pull gasses and eject them from building
159. Which type of ventilation requires no additional personnel or equipment to set up and maintain? A. Vertical B. Hydraulic C. Natural horizontal D. Mechanical horizontal C. Natural horizontal
160. Use of smoke ejectors to expel smoke and draw fresh air into a structure is a use of: A. positive-pressure ventilation (PPV) B. positive-exhaust ventilation (PEV) C. negative-exhaust ventilation (NEV) D. negative-pressure ventilation (NPV) D. negative-pressure ventilation (NPV)
161. Which side of an opening should a fan be placed for negative-pressure ventilation? A. Leeward B. Interior C. Exterior D. Windward B. Interior
162. When the natural flow of air currents and the currents created by the fire is insufficient to remove smoke, heat, and fire gases, what type of ventilation is necessary? A. Vertical B. Hydraulic C. Protected D. Mechanical D. Mechanical
163. Why must the open areas around a smoke ejector be properly sealed? A. To prevent expelling fire gases from the building. B. To prevent air from recirculating back into the building. C. To prevent smoke from being exhausted through the roof. D. To prevent overheating of the smoke ejector and causing a fire. B. To prevent air from recirculating back into the building.
Recirculation Movement of smoke being blown out only to be drawn back into the building.
Positive Pressure Ventilation Method of ventilation by mechanically blowing air into a room or structure to create positive pressure forcing the contaminated atmosphere out an exit opening.
164. Positive-pressure ventilation (PPV) exhaust openings vary with the size of the entry opening and the: A. capacity of hose lines. B. capacity of the blower used. C. number of personnel on site. D. number of compartments in the structure. B. capacity of the blower used.
165. Once an exhaust opening has been created, it is important that the cone of air from the blower: A. blows towards the fire. B. blows away from the fire. C. completely covers the doorway opening. D. completely blocks the doorway opening. C. completely covers the doorway opening.
166. When ventilating a multistory building, it is best to apply positive-pressure ventilation (PPV): A. on the floor with the least smoke. B. on the floor with the most smoke. C. at the highest point of the structure. D. at the lowest point of the structure. D. at the lowest point of the structure.
167. To perform hydraulic ventilation, a fog nozzle should be set on a wide fog pattern to cover what percent of the opening through which the smoke will be drawn or pulled? A. 15 to 20 B. 45 to 50 C. 55 to 60 D. 85 to 90 D. 85 to 90
168. Which of the following may occur if the effects of horizontal ventilation are disturbed? A. Fire intensity increases B. Air currents are established C. Oxygen concentration decreases D. Structure becomes unpressurized A. Fire intensity increases
169. Which of the following is an advantage to using mechanical ventilation? A. Increases control of air flow B. Decreases control of air flow C. Speeds the removal of contaminants D. Increases availability of water supply C. Speeds the removal of contaminants
170. Offensive vertical ventilation is intended to aid in reaching and: A. extinguishing the fire. B. stopping the spread of fire. C. containing the fire to one area of the structure. D. determining the effect on exposures to the fire. A. extinguishing the fire.
171. What should a firefighter do before stepping off a ladder, parapet wall, or other place of safety onto the roof of a burning building, especially if the roof surface is obscured by smoke or darkness? A. Ensure the safety of all personnel who are assisting. B. Direct a fire stream into an existing vertical exhaust opening. C. Sound the roof for structural integrity by striking with an axe. D. Direct a fire steam into an existing horizontal exhaust opening. C. Sound the roof for structural integrity by striking with an axe.
172. An inspection hole should be cut before cutting any type of ventilation hole in the roof in an attic or cockloft fire to: A. ensure roof is safe. B. ensure minimal secondary damage. C. determine the fire location and direction of travel. D. determine at least two means of egress from the roof. C. determine the fire location and direction of travel.
Kerf cut A single cut the width of the saw blade made in a roof to check for fire extension
173. When transporting a rotary saw or chain saw to or from the point of operation, it is safest to: A. turn it off. B. turn it upright. C. carry it in its proper case. D. move it up or down the ladder quickly. A. turn it off.
174. Ensuring the only required openings for ventilation are made is the responsibility of the: A. company officer. B. incident commander. C. code enforcement officer. D. roof ventilation team leader. D. roof ventilation team leader.
Louver Cut or Vent Rectangular exhaust opening cut in a roof, allowing a section of the roof deck to be tilted, thus creating an opening similar to a louver (also called rafter cut)
175. Why may arched roofs prevent roof ladders from lying flat? A. Roof ladders too long. B. Curvature of the roof. C. Roof ladders too curved. D. Lack of curvature of the roof. B. Curvature of the roof.
176. What type of cut is used to create a fire break that stops the spread of fire in common attic structures or large structures? A. Trench cut B. Vertical cut C. Exhaust cut D. Offensive cut A. Trench cut
Trench Ventilation Defensive tactic that involves cutting an exhaust opening in the roof of a burning building, extending from one outside wall to the other, to create an opening at which a spreading fire may be cut off. (strip ventilation)
177. When the main body of the fire is too great to extinguish, and only after the offensive vertical ventilation opening has been made, a trench cut must be created ahead of the advancing fire by at least: A. 10 feet. B. 20 feet. C. 30 feet. D. 40 feet. C. 30 feet.
178. If a trench cut is created improperly, it will place firefighters in the very dangerous position of working: A. behind the fire. B. ahead of the fire. C. on top of the fire. D. on plane with the fire. B. ahead of the fire.
179. Which of the following is a factor that reduces effectiveness of vertical ventilation? A. Trench cuts too small B. Personnel working ahead of the fire C. Fire streams directed into ventilation openings D. Improper location of the horizontal ventilation opening C. Fire streams directed into ventilation openings -Improper use of mechanical ventilation -Indiscriminant window breaking -EXPLOSION -Burn through roof, floor, wall -additional openings between the attack team and the upper opening -Improper location of the vertical ventilation opening
180. Basement fires can be challenging without effective ventilation because firefighters have to get to the seat of the fire: A. without the necessary tools. B. through intense rising heat and smoke. C. with a limited number of responding personnel. D. without communication with the incident commander. B. through intense rising heat and smoke.
181. What factor makes high-rise fires life safety considerations an even higher priority? A. More windows B. Fewer windows C. More occupants D. Fewer occupants C. More occupants
Stack effect Phenomenon of a strong air draft moving from ground level to the roof level of a building, Affected by building hight, configuration and temperature differences between inside and outside air.
182. Which of the following occurs to heated smoke and fire gases when they stop rising, become cooled to the temperature of the surrounding air, and spread horizontally? A. Stratify B. Solidify C. Sounded D. Stabilization A. Stratify (form layers)
183. Combustibles adjacent to the ductwork of an HVAC system should be checked in case ___ has caused additional fires. A. conduction B. convection C. concentration D. circumvention A. conduction184. The automatic closure of doors, petitions, windows, and HVAC systems are methods of: A. compartmentalizing a structure. B. confining fire operations personnel. C. evacuating occupants of the structure. D. verifying combustibles adjacent to the fire floor.
Horizontal Smoke Spread Tendency of heat, smoke, and other products of combustion to rise until they encounter a horizontal obstruction. At this point the will speed laterally (ceiling jet) until they encounter vertical obstructions and begin to bank downward (hot gas layer development)
184. The automatic closure of doors, petitions, windows, and HVAC systems are methods of: A. compartmentalizing a structure. B. confining fire operations personnel. C. evacuating occupants of the structure. D. verifying combustibles adjacent to the fire floor. A. compartmentalizing a structure.
185. Which of the following should be indicated by a smoke control system control panel? A. What initiated the fire B. Who activated the alarm C. Where the alarm originated D. When the system will turn off C. Where the alarm originated
186. What do modern buildings have built-in that can contribute to the spread of smoke and toxic gases throughout a structure? A. HVAC systems B. Exhaust systems C. Automatic systems D. Smoke control systems A. HVAC systems
187. Operating built-in smoke control systems in a high-rise or a shopping mall with open atria should be the responsibility of: A. any security officer on duty. B. any firefighter on the scene. C. only code enforcement officers. D. only building engineers or maintenance superintendents. D. only building engineers or maintenance superintendents.
7. Air flow is the movement of air toward burning fuel and: (737) A. movement of smoke in to the compartment. B. movement of smoke out of the compartment. C. pressure differentials inside the compartment. D. pressure differentials outside the compartment. B. movement of smoke out of the compartment.
8. For vertical ventilation to be effective, a horizontal inlet opening at or below the level of the fire is needed to provide a flow path for: (742) A. flames to exit the structure. B. for smoke to enter the structure. C. for fresh air to exit the structure. D. for fresh air to enter the structure. D. for fresh air to enter the structure.
9. Mechanical ventilation methods using fans, blowers, and smoke ejectors can be applied to horizontal and vertical ventilation, but is most often used for: (743) A. natural ventilation. B. vertical ventilation. C. hydraulic ventilation. D. horizontal ventilation. D. horizontal ventilation.
10. When conditions are appropriate, natural horizontal ventilation operations should work with existing atmospheric conditions, taking advantage of: (745) A. natural inlets. B. natural air flow. C. positive pressure. D. negative pressure. B. natural air flow.
11. Which mechanical ventilation method uses higher pressure inside a building to force smoke through openings to the lower-pressure area outside? (746) A. Positive-pressure ventilation B. Positive-hydraulic ventilation C. Negative-pressure ventilation D. Negative-hydraulic ventilation A. Positive-pressure ventilation
12. Positive pressure ventilation is applied to a building at ground level through the use of one or more: (747) A. blowers. B. exit points. C. entry points. D. smoke ejectors. A. blowers.
13. Which of the following actions should firefighters do to determine the difference in feel of supported and unsupported areas of a roof? (754) A. Cut the roof B. Sound the roof C. Step on the roof D. Bounce an item off the roof B. Sound the roof
14. Roofs that may fail early in a fire and are extremely dangerous to work under are roofs supported by: (754) A. heavy weight slate or tiles. B. lightweight composition shingles. C. lightweight or engineered trusses. D. heavy weight or mechanical trusses. C. lightweight or engineered trusses.
15. HVAC equipment in windowless buildings may cause spread of smoke, heat, and fire unless specifically: (761) A. designed for this purpose. B. inspected for high occupancy. C. designed to cool building only. D. inspected prior to a fire occurring. A. designed for this purpose.
16. What three incident priorities are accomplished when tactical ventilation is done correctly? (733) -Life Safety -Incident Stablization -Property conservation
17. What three indicators help determine fire behavior? (737) -Smoke -Airflow -Heat -Flame
Created by: Toddgfunk
 

 



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