A language family is:

a collection of languages that share a common but distant ancestor

Although no word exists for it in the English language, the Yiddish word farpotchke, means to make something worse by attempting to repair it. This is an example of:

how social factors influence language use and development

In the example of the declining use of the Yuchi language, what was the first event that began the decline of Yuchi as a viable language?

forced removal of the Yuchi from Alabama and Tennessee to Indian Territory during the 1830s

An official language is one that:

a country formally designates for use in its political, legal, and administrative affairs

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Culture Chapter 6/7

Culture Chapter 6/7 Quiz Questions & Answers

Question	Answer
Yoruba is an Afro-Asiatic language.	False
Which of the following is defined as a system of communication based on symbols that have agreed-upon meanings?	language
It is generally understood that there are about ___________ different languages in the world today	6900
Which language family is concentrated among the island countries of South East Asia?	Austronesian
A language family is:	a collection of languages that share a common but distant ancestor
Some languages are so similar that they have a high degree of:	mutual intelligibility
Which of the following is the term for the place or region of origin of an innovation, idea, belief, or cultural practice?	hearth
Sign languages are based on:	body movements
In the time of the Roman Empire two classes of Latin existed. Which of the following refers to the standardized, written form?	Classical Latin
Languages that have emerged and evolved within living or historic human communities are called:	natural languages
Which of the following is an artificial language?	Esperanto
The Elvish languages featured in The Lord of the Rings would be an example of:	an artificial language
Although no word exists for it in the English language, the Yiddish word farpotchke, means to make something worse by attempting to repair it. This is an example of:	how social factors influence language use and development
About half the world’s people speak ____________ languages.	Indo-European
Which of the following is the world's most-spoken language in terms of the number of native speakers?	Han Chinese (Mandarin)
Someone fluent in only American Sign Language (ASL) could easily understand someone communicating in British Sign Language (BSL). T/F	False
Which of the following is NOT among the three factors that converge to create a language hotspot?	highly educated population
Historically, the diffusion of the Arabic language has been closely associated with the diffusion of Islam. T/F	True
In the example of the declining use of the Yuchi language, at what geographic scale did the removal of the Yuchi from their lands in the eastern U.S. exert pressure on Yuchi linguistic space?	national
In the example of the declining use of the Yuchi language, at what geographic scale did the construction of railroads and the migration of English-speaking Anglo-Americans into Indian Territory exert pressure on Yuchi linguistic space?	regional
The majority of the world's medium, large, and very large languages (languages with more than 10,000 speakers) are official languages somewhere in the world. T/F	False
Which of the following official United Nations languages is NOT among the largest nine languages in the world?	French
One way that a language can rise in importance is by being made a country's official language. T/F	True
It is generally agreed that there are about 7,900 languages in the world today. T/F	False
Which of the following serves as a lingua franca in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan?	Russian
The United Nations recognizes __________ official languages	6
The official language of the United States is American English. T/F	False
In the example of the declining use of the Yuchi language, what was the first event that began the decline of Yuchi as a viable language?	forced removal of the Yuchi from Alabama and Tennessee to Indian Territory during the 1830s
Spanglish is not actually a language, but rather a kind of code switching. T/F	True
From what language did the loanword "okra" come into English?	Igbo
Which of the following U.S. states first made English its official language?	Louisiana
Linguisitic diversity has increased in the last few centuries because of rapid population growth. T/F	False
Historically, a pidgin language called Tay Boi was used for communication between the French and the Vietnamese when Vietnam was a French colony. T/F	True
A situation in which one language becomes comparatively more powerful than another language is known as:	linguistic dominance
Pidgin languages sometimes develop into creole languages. T/F	True
All countries have an official language. T/F	False
How many official languages does the European Union (EU) recognize?	24
An official language is one that:	a country formally designates for use in its political, legal, and administrative affairs
There are now more English speakers outside the United Kingdom than inside the United Kingdom. T/F	True
What large island has the greatest linguistic diversity?	New Guinea
What continent contains the most countries with LDIs of 0.75 and above?	Africia
Pidgin languages sometimes develop into creole languages. T/F	True
The rise of the British Empire contributed to the expansion of English. T/F	True
What is the lingua franca of the east African countries of Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda?	Swahili
Islam has made _________ a favored language, since Muslims are instructed to understand its text, the Koran, in the same language in which it was originally written.	Arabic
Which of the following is NOT one of the six official languages of the United Nations?	Hindi
Which of the following is most widely used as a second language in the world?	English
What Subsaharan African country has over 500 languages in use?	Nigeria
Which of the following five most populous countries in the world has an LDI over 0.90?	India
In the example of the declining use of the Yuchi language, at what geographic scale did the allotment of tribal lands exert pressure on Yuchi linguistic space?	local
Which of the following is closest to being a prestige dialect in the United States?	Network Standard
What is the standard dialect in China?	Northern Mandarin
What region did Hans Kurath map most intensively?	East Coast
The empirical data for the use of "coke"/"pop" and "you guys"/"y'all" supports the idea that Oklahoma is located more in a transition zone between major dialect regions, T/F	True
Everyone speaks with an accent. T/F	True
Which of the following is NOT one of the three speech areas that Kurath discovered after mapping the isoglosses of hundreds of words in the Northeast?	The West
In terms of its English dialect patterns, the empirical evidence demonstrates that Oklahoma is not a very complex state. T/F	False
In his studies of American English dialects, Hans Kurath discovered some very interesting patterns of speech among African Americans. T/F	False
What was Hans Kurath so interested in locating by mapping word usage?	Isoglosses
If you grew up in Oklahoma, which of the following dialects are you least likely to use	Northern
Our dialects help define us; in other words, our particular dialect signals to others who we are, and who we are not. T/F	True
The toponym "center," is most strongly associated with which North American dialect region?	Northern
What language does the term "bayou" come from originally?	Choctaw
The North American generic toponym "bayou" is associated with the early colonization of the:	English
More indigenous toponyms survive in southern and eastern Oklahoma than in western and northern Oklahoma. T/F	True
Although they were once common, very few American Indian toponyms survive today in North America.	False
Why have so many toponyms changed recently in India?	Older indigenous place names are replacing the British colonial names
What street name is provided in this reading as an example of commemoration?	Martin Luther King, Jr.
Because they appear again and again throughout a culture region, _________ toponyms are of greater potential value to the cultural geographer.	Generic
The remnants of descriptive Arabic placenames are especially common in the southern part of:	Spain
Although they were once common, very few American Indian toponyms survive today in North America. T/F	False
In which country are Maori toponyms most common?	New Zealand
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Islam?	Its sacred scripture is the Tripitaka.
Which of the following is the youngest?	Sikhism
Which of the following statements best illustrates the meaning if the term cosmogony	Abrahamic cosmogony states that the universe was created by a single diety in about a week.
Which of the following is NOT a Vedic faith?	Islam
Which of the following is most associated with BOTH the Abrahamic and Vedic faiths?	Sikhism
Which of the following sets include only Abrahamic faiths?	Judaism, Christianity, Islam
An ethnic religion is a belief system that is worldwide in scope and welcomes all people as potential adherents. T/F	False
Currently, the entire population of China, the global Roman Catholic population, and the global Sunni Muslim population are each about equal in size. T/F	True
Shiites make up population majorities in all of the following EXCEPT:	Pakistan
Devotion to orishas is a fundamental aspect of Santeria as is animal sacrifice.	True
Which of the following is the best estimate of the global population size of those who identify themselves as adherents of Christianity?	2.3 Billion
According to the traditional beliefs of many aboriginal inhabitants of Australia, the time when the world was transformed from a featureless and inactive realm into the world as we know it is known as the:	Dreamtime
Which of the following is NOT a universalizing religion?	Judaism
While both Sunnis and Shiites use the term "imam," the term has different meanings for Sunnis and Shiites. T/F	True
Sanatana dharma, meaning “eternal truth,” is the name some ___________ use for their religion:	Hindus
Which of the following is NOT one of Islam's Five Pillars of Practice?	making the Kunbula
Piety is always a good thing, because people who are deeply devoted to their religious beliefs always do good things.	False
What does the Latin phrase, Annuit Coeptis mean and where it is found?	"He [God] has favored our undertakings." Found on the Great Seal of the United States
Globally, the population of atheists and others who disregard religious affiliation outnumber all religious groups other than the populations of (all) Muslims and (all) Christians.	True
Most of the world's Muslims live within 1,000 miles of Mecca. T/F	False
Considering only the United States as the example, which religious group annually gains the largest numbers of new adherents from both the missionary field and natural increase?	LDS (Mormons)
While both Sunnis and Shiites use the term "imam," the term has different meanings for Sunnis and Shiites. T/F	True
In terms of population of adherents, Tantrayana Buddhists make up the largest proportion of the three schools of thought within Buddhism. T/F	False
What god do Hindus consider to be the supreme spiritual source who sustains the universe?	Brahman
Syncretic religions are belief systems that combine elements of two or more existing religions.	True
Devotion to orishas is a fundamental aspect of Santeria as is animal sacrifice. T/F	True
Most universalizing religions are closely associated with key individuals who established the religion. T/F	True
The entire, global Jewish population slightly exceeds that of the entire population of the New York City metropolitan area, which is now around 24 million people. T/F	False
Which of the three main branches of Buddhism is the one that reveres the Dalai Lama, emphasizes monastic study of Buddhist scriptures, and is primarily located in Tibet and Mongolia?	Tantrayana
More than 90 percent of people in India are Hindus. T/F	False
Which of the following do Candomble and Santeria NOT have in common?	orishas
Which of the following factors has the greatest power to predict one's religious affiliation?	parental religious affiliation
A polytheistic religion refers to:	belief in or devotion to multiple deities
Which of the following is NOT true about Mahayana Buddhism?	It emphasizes the study of Buddhist scriptures in monasteries.
Israel is the only country in which a majority of the population is Jewish. T/F	True
Which major religion has the fastest rate of adherent population growth?	Islam
Which of the following religious groups contains the largest population of adherents?	Roman Catholics
Since at least the 1970s, Christianity's global center of gravity has been migrating:	east and south
A group of people who have been forced to migrate out of their original homeland and have become scattered across many areas beyond their homeland is referred to as a:	Diaspora
Christianity emerged from the ________ hearth.	Semitic
Unlike universalizing religions, the origin of Hinduism is generally associated with the upper classes rather than the influence of one key individual. T/F	True
What U.S. religious group has majorities or pluralities in the northeastern states, the U.S.-Mexico border zone, and south Louisiana?	Roman Catholics
Vatican City, a microstate within Rome, is the seat of the Roman Catholic Church. The Vatican is, therefore, a good example of a primary hearth. T/F	False
Secondary hearths are places or regions where a religion was located during a period in which it fragmented or diverged to form a new sect. T/F	True
West of the Mississippi River, the state with the highest proportion of its population who believe in God as an absolute certainty is:	Arkansas
Which ethnic religion did Christianity diverge from?	Judaism
What religious group dominates the state of Utah and parts of several states that border Utah?	Mormons
Sikhism emerged from the ________ hearth.	Indic
In most of the states of the American South, more than 80 percent of people express a belief in God. T/F	True
According to data provided by the Pew Forum on Religion and Public Life, which of the following best characterizes Oklahoma's ranking, relative to the Evangelical Protestant Tradition, within the United States?	Oklahoma clearly has the highest proportion of adherents to the Evangelical Protestant Tradition in the United States.
Sites within religious hearth regions often acquire sacred qualities. T/F	True
Judaism emerged from the ________ hearth.	Semitic
Buddhism emerged from the ________ hearth.	Indic
The Disciples of Christ, a politically-moderate, Mainline Protestant Christian denomination, was organized in Kentucky during the early 1800s. The area in Kentucky where the Disciples first organized their denomination is thus an example of a secondary r	True
The independent state of Khalistan is a religious and political idea put forth by:	Sikhs
West of the Mississippi River, the state with the smallest proportion of its population who believe in God as an absolute certainty (as well as the largest proportion who express no belief in God) is:	Alaska
Globally, __________ outnumber _____________; but the opposite is true in the United States.	Catholics, Protestants
Which of the following dominates the largest region within the southeast United States?	Baptists
Which religious group's distribution is limited to concentrations in a few large metropolitan areas, such as New York City and the southeast coast of Florida?	Jews
The roots of religious fundamentalism date to the European Enlightenment of the 1700s.	False
Even though Christianity has been in decline for many decades in Europe and parts of North America, missionary efforts keep the diffusion process alive, and Christianity continues to diffuse to new regions throughout the world. T/F	True
Hinduism emerged from the ________ hearth.	Indic
The independent state of Khalistan is a religious and political idea put forth by:	Sikhs
Which event initiated the most significant round of hierarchical diffusion of Christianity?	Constantine's Conversion
According to Geoteleological Theory, a religious hearth region must remain numerically dominated by the religion's adherents in order to retain its significance to the religion. T/F	False
Which North American religious group is concentrated in the western Great Lakes states and the Dakotas?	Lutherans
Which of the following dominates the largest region within the southeast United States?	Baptists
Which of the following cities is NOT located within the Hejaz region?	Jerusalem
Islam emerged from the ________ hearth.	Semitic
Which of the following is an example of the scale of the body as the site of Muslim identity?	Modest clothing
Uncontrolled body movements, trances, faith healing, and speaking in tongues is an innovation introduced into Christianity by the younger Renewalist sects.	False
The largest megachurch in the United States is located in:	Houston
Every year a large number of Buddhists belonging to lower castes convert to Hinduism because they are attracted to its egalitarian social structure. T/F	False
The Second Temple of Judaism was destroyed by:	The Romans
The Bodhi Tree is a significant location for:	Buddhists
Muslims espousing _________ ideas believe that any integration of sharia into the legal system of a country should be very flexible and open to interpretation.	Modernism
Pentecostals and Charismatics are Renewalists. T/F	True
The Church of St. Anne and the Armenian Catholic Church are located within the Muslim Quarter of the Old City of Jerusalem.	True
One of the goals of the _________ movement was to create a religious and political homeland for Jews.	Zionism
Which of the following is the prosperity gospel most associated with?	Renewalism
Which of the following refers to the global body of believers within Islam?	Umma
The Hindu caste system is hereditary and children are born into the varna of their parents. T/F	True
Sanctification refers to the making of a sacred site after a significant event has occurred there. T/F	True
Within Christianity, pilgrimages are most important among ____________.	Roman Catholics
Traditionally, members of higher Hindu castes can become socially polluted by proximity to _____________, who are associated with uncleanliness.	Dalits
Since it is located away from the Jewish and Muslim Quarters, the location of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre is not contested by religious groups. T/F	False
Megachurches are most often associated with the Roman Catholic Church or Presbyterianism. T/F	False
Why is the Ganges sacred to Hindus?	It is believed that bathing in its waters removes negative karma.
Apparitions of the Virgin Mary have led to numerous places becoming sanctified as pilgrimage destinations for Roman Catholics. T/F	True
Which of the following is not true about a sacred space?	Sacred spaces are always territorially-defined with boundaries.
The Ganges River is a sacred landscape feature to:	Hindus
In Jerusalem, the Temple Mount, which is an important Jewish sacred site, has the same location as the:	Dome of the Rock
An intellectual movement that encourages scientific thought, the expansion of knowledge, and belief in the inevitability of progress is known as	Modernism
Which of the following U.S. cities was designed following theological principles?	Salt Lake City
The ancient regions of Judea and Samaria are located in which present-day area?	West Bank
In addition to disagreements over religious-based territorial claims, the Israeli-Palestinian conflict involves issues of water rights and citizenship. T/F	True
Every year a large number of Buddhists belonging to lower castes convert to Hinduism because they are attracted to its egalitarian social structure. T/F	False
The Mosque of Omar is located within the Christian Quarter of the Old City of Jerusalem. T/F	True
_______________ is the fastest growing branch within Christianity.	Renewalism
Today, the Hindu caste system remains more relevant to people living in rural areas of India than in India's cities. T/F	True
Since it is located away from the Jewish and Muslim Quarters, the location of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre is not contested by religious groups. T/F	False
Every year a large number of Buddhists belonging to lower castes convert to Hinduism because they are attracted to its egalitarian social structure. T/F	False
Technically, all Renewalist Christian groups are also Fundamentalists. T/F	False
Jerusalem is one of several sacred cities of Islam. T/F	True
The Vedas identify four social classes called varnas, ranked on the basis of	Purity
Which of the following is NOT classified as denomination belonging to the Pentecostal movement?	Presbyterians
Buddhism requires that its adherents go on pilgrimages. T/F	False
Which of the following pairs most consider their church buildings to be sacred space?	Roman Catholics, Eastern Orthodox
Which of the following primarily worships at a shrine located in the home?	Hindus
Select the term that is most associated with the 1954 insertion of the prepositional phrase, "under God" into the U.S. Pledge of Allegiance.	Civil Religion
With which of the following is the concept of moksha LEAST associated?	Puja
Historian Lynn White, Jr. addressed the relationship between	religion and the environment
_______________, _______________, and ____________ normally cremate the deceased.	Theravada Buddhists, Hindus, Sikhs
Just as religious teachings shape believers' attitudes and responsibilities toward fellow believers and others (infidels, apostates), it also directs attitudes toward nature. T/F	True
Which of the following terms would be most associated with American Indian religious traditions that prohibit the killing of more deer than can be used by the family or group?	Religious Ecology
Which religion does not allow the dead to be interred in mausoleums?	Judaism
Which of the following religious concepts does the photo of Eklutna Cemetery best provide landscape evidence of?	Syncretism

Created by: NancyDickens66

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