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BLUEPRINT [LR]

Prevalent Flaws

QuestionAnswer
Conditional??? • Converse • Inverse
Equivocation?? • Shift in meaning of a word • Treating related, but distinct, concepts as the same thing
Sampling? • Sample group not representative of conclusion group • Sample group biased
Comparison? • Makes analogy/comparison between things that may differ in a crucial respect • Incomplete comparison
Ad Hominem? • Attacking character • Attacking inconsistent behavior
Composition? • Whole to part (concluding about a part(s) based on the whole) • Part to whole (concluding about the whole based on a part(s))
Absence of Evidence? • An absence of evidence does not mean claim is true/false • Defeating evidence for a claim does not mean claim is true/false
Temporal? • What was ≠ what is or what will be • What is ≠ what was or what will be • What will be ≠ what was or what is
Logical Force? • Modality • Quantification
Perception vs. Reality? • Belief in truth ≠ truth • Irrelevant opinions • Inappropriate authority
Percentage vs. Amount? • Percent ≠ amount • Amount ≠ percent
Circular Reasoning? • Conclusion same as premise
Comparative vs. Absolute? • Comparative statement does not support absolute conclusion • Absolute statement does not support comparative conclusion
One-sided? • Failing to consider negatives when making a positive judgment • Failing to consider positives when making a negative judgment
Other Prevalent Flaws? Ignoring argument (two-speaker stimulus) Questionable Assumption
Gamblers Fallacy?? **Is a type of temporal fallacy **Makes an an improper jump in time between what was/what is/what will be
Temporal Fallacy ?? **Makes an an improper jump in time between what was/what is/what will be
Circular Reasoning? **When you give a premise that says the same thing as the conclusion.
Ignoring an argument?? **When you have a two-argument stimulus and is exactly what the name sounds like. **If the person making the second argument just ignores a good point made by the first argument, that can be a fallacy
Questionable Assumption?? **Is just the default way to think about flaw questions **All flaw questions are making a questionable assumption. **The prevalent flaws are just putting names to the questionable assumptions being made. **If you don't spot a prevalent flaw, just paraphrase whatever questionable assumption is being made. ---In other words, what is the gap between the premises and the conclusion?
Causation?? • Correlation does not equal causation • Could be alternate cause • Cause and effect may be reversed
Exclusivity?? • Fails to establish no other options available • Fails to adequately eliminate options • Falsely assumes options are exclusive/not exclusive
Created by: KyronCox
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