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Adenoviridae
Infectious Canine Hepatitis
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is another name for this disease? | Rubarth's disease |
| What is interesting about ferrets and this disease? | They are resistant to ICH but susceptible to canine distemper. |
| Who are the hosts of this virus? | dogs and bears! |
| The virus responsible for this disease is susceptible to four things: | (1)Iodine. (2)Phenol. (3)Sodium hydroxide. (4)1-3% sodium hypochlorite |
| What is the main way this virus is transmitted? How else can the virus be acquired? | Ingestion of urine, feces, or saliva of infected dogs. May also be acquired via conjunctival or aerosol routes. |
| How long can recovered dogs shed the virus in their urine? | at least 6 months! |
| Explain the pathogenesis of this virus. | Infection starts in the TONSILLARY CRYPTS and PEYER'S PATCHES. Viremia (4-8 days) leads to infection of MACROPHAGES, ENDOTHELIAL, and PARENCHYMAL cells which leads to HEMORRHAGES and NECROSIS. |
| What are the main target organs of this disease? | Liver, kidney, spleen, and lungs |
| The injury of the target organs is due to cytotoxic effects of the virus. How can the virus be cleared from the blood and liver in time to restrict hepatic damage? | If there is a sufficient neutralizing antibody response by DAY 7 (1:500) |
| What is the antibody titer in oder for widespread hepatic necrosis to occur? | less than 1:4 |
| What can dogs develop with partial immunity? | Chronic active hepatitis and hepatic fibrosis |
| Corneal Edema occurs in about 20% of narual infections. What is another name for this? | Blue Eye |
| What happens on day 4 with corneal edema? | virus enters the aqueous humor from the blood and replicates in the corneal endothelial cells |
| What happens on day 7 with corneal edema? | Circulating immune compleses deposited on the conreal epithelium result in complement activation, neutrophily chemotaxis, frustrated phagocytosis, and corneal endothelial damage = anterior uveitis and corneal edema! |
| What happens between days 8 and 21 with corneal edema? | MACROPHAGES removes immune complexes and corneal endothelium regenerates, re-establishing the hydrostatic gradient |
| What else do the immune complexes cause? | chronic kidney lesions (glomerulonephritis) |
| What triggers DIC? | exposure of subendothelial collagen and subsequent plateley aggregation OR the inability of the damaged liver to remove activated clotting factors |
| Who is ICH most commonly seen in? | dogs less than 1 |
| T/F. Most infections are symptomatic. | FALSE...asymptomatic |
| In the peractue disease, the dog is found dead within 3-4 hours. Why? | massive destruction of hepatocytes |
| What are the characteristics of the acut phase? | These are dogs that survive the viremic phase. There is fever, depression, BLOODY DIARRHEA, petechial and ecchymotic hemorrhages of the gums and jaundice. |
| Encephalitis is common in who? | Foxes |
| What do you want to cultue to isolate the virus? | URINE |
| Recovered animals are immune to the systemic form of the disease but may not be to what? | Aerosol and can develop respiratory disease |
| Which vaccine (attenuated or inactivated) is Blue Eye possible? | Attenuated |
| What is another complication of the Attenuated or Modified live vaccine? | it localizes in the kidney and causes mild subclinical intersitial nephritis |
| T/F. Attenuated CAV-2 vaccines provide corss-protection against CAV-1. | TRUE |
Created by:
lkollmeier
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