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EXEC BRNCH TST 2021
Mr. Stickler's Liberty Christian "Judicial Branch" test flashcards 2021
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What does the term "jurisdiction" mean/ refer to? | This term means "authority to hear certain cases". |
| What two (2) kinds of cases MUST be heard by the Supreme Court? | 1.) Cases involving the Constitution and its Amendments; 2.) Cases involving states. |
| What does the term "concurrent jurisdiction" mean/ refer to? | This term means "a situation in which both a state and a federal court have jurisdiction over a case". |
| What is 1 example of a situation where "concurrent jurisdiction" exists? | One example is if a case involves citizens from different states involving a dispute that is over $75,000. They can sue in state or federal court. |
| What does the term "trial court" mean/ refer to? | This term refers to "the court that originally heard a case". |
| What does the term "original jurisdiction" mean/ refer to? | This term refers to the jurisdiction held by the "court that originally heard the case". |
| What does the term "appellate jurisdiction" mean/ refer to? | This term refers to "a court that has the power to hear appeals from lower courts". |
| What does the term "litigants" mean/ refer to? | This term refers to "people engaged in a lawsuit". |
| What policy resulted from the "Marbury vs. Madison" Supreme Court case? | The policy that resulted from this was the "judicial review" doctrine. |
| What does the term "judicial review" mean/ refer to? | This term refers to the Supreme Court's ability to review laws to determine whether or not they are Constitutional. |
| What was the Supreme Court's decision in the "Dred Scott vs. Sandford" case? | In this case, the Court decided that African Americans were not citizens and so they could not bring cases to court, that the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional, & Congress was powerless to stop the spread of slavery. |
| What was the Supreme Court's decision in the "Plessy vs. Ferguson" case? | In this case, the Court established the "separate but equal" doctrine. This held that facilities - such as restaurants - could be separate if they were equal for all races. |
| What does the term "due process" mean/ refer to? | This refers to the idea that citizens cannot be deprived of life, liberty, or property without having gone through proper legal procedures and/or are reimbursed for the value of their property. |
| What was the Supreme Court's decision in the "Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas"? | In this case, the Court stated that segregation in public schools was illegal. |
| Which article of the Constitution establishes the existence of "Constitutional Courts"? | Article 3 of the Counstitution establishes this. |
| How many federal district courts are there and how many judges serve in them? | There are 94 of these courts and 550 judges serve in them. |
| What does the term "indictment" mean/ refer to? | This term means "a formal accusation charging a person with a crime". |
| What kinds of cases do "Grand Juries" hear? | These juries hear charges against a person suspected of having committed a crime. If they believe there is sufficient evidence to bring a person to trial, they issue an "indictment". |
| What kinds of cases do "petit juries" hear? | These juries weigh evidence in cases where federal laws have been violated and render a "guilty" or "innocent" verdict. |
| What does the term "judicial circuits" mean? | This term refers to judicial "regions". (i.e. "circuits" are "regions".) |
| Why were federal courts of appeals established? | These were established to help relieve the Supreme Court's workload. |
| What duty(ies) do "magistrates" perform? | These court officials issue warrants and help decide whether the arrested person should be held for a grand jury hearing. |
| What duty(ies) do "U.S. Marshals" perform? | These court officials carry out search warrants, help keep jurors safe, and keep order in federal court rooms. |
| What Article of the Constitution establishes "legislative courts"? | Article 1 of the Constitution establishes these. |
| What is the purpose of "legislative courts"? | The purpose of these is to help Congress exercise its powers. |
| Who has the power to change the number of Supreme Court Justices? | Congress holds this power. |
| How many Supreme Court Justices are there currently? | There are 9 of these currently - 1 chief justice of the Supreme Court and 8 other justices. |
| Where, in the Constitution, can you find a list of the Supreme Court's original and appellate jurisdictions? | The list of these is found in Article 3, Section 2 of the Constitution. |
| What does the term "opinion" mean where the Supreme Court is concerned? | This term refers to "written statements on cases the Supreme Court has already decided". |
| What is a "writ of certiorari"? | These are "orders from the Supreme Court to a lower court to send up the records on a case for review". |
| How does the Solicitor General determine the Supreme Court's agenda? | This person does this by determining whether the federal government should appeal lower federal court decisions to the Supreme Court. |
| What is a "per curiam opinion"? | This is a "brief, unsigned statement of the Supreme Court's decision". |
| What is an "amicus curiae" brief? | These are "friend of the court briefs". They are written by individuals, interest groups, or government agencies claiming to have more information about a case the Supreme Court is hearing. |
| What are the 4 steps in a Supreme Court case? | 1.) Briefs are written and submitted; 2.) Oral Arguments are heard: 3.) Supreme Court Justices hold a conference to discuss the case; 4.) Opinions are written. |
| What are "unanimous opinions"? | These are written when all justices vote the same way on a case. |
| What are "majority opinions"? | These are written to express the views of the majority of the justices on a case. |
| What are "concurring opinions"? | These are written when one or more justice agrees with the majority but for a different reason. |
| What are "dissenting opinions? | These are written to represent the losing side in Supreme Court cases. |
| What are the 3 ways that the Supreme Court can shape public policy? | 1.) Using judicial review; 2.) Interpreting the meaning of laws; 3.) Overruling or reversing previous decisions. |
| What are the 5 ways that the power of the Supreme Court is limited? | 1.) Types of issues they can hear; 2.) Types of cases they can hear; 3.) Limited control over own agenda (only hear cases that are sent to them); 4.) Lack of enforcement power; 5.) Checks and balances. |
| What does the term "blocs" mean/ refer to where the Supreme Court is concerned? | This term refers to "coalitions of justices". |
| What does the term "swing vote" mean/ refer to? | This term refers to "the deciding vote" in a Supreme Court case. |
| List two (2) powers that the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court has where their influence is concerned. | 1.) Can direct discussion & frame alternatives during oral arguments & conferences; 2.) Creates the 1st version of the "discuss list" & assigns the writing of opinions to the other Justices. |
| How are Supreme Court Justices chosen? | They are appointed by the President with the Senate's consent. |
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