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bio ch12

ch.12 ?'s

QuestionAnswer
The centromere is a region in which chromatids remain attached to one another
what is a chromatid? a replicate chromosome
starting with a fertilized egg(zygote), a series of 5 cell divisions would produce an early embryo with how many cells? 32
if there are 20 chromatids in a cell, how many centromeres are there? 10
for a newly evolving protist, what would be the advantage of using eukaryote-like cell division rather than binary fission? cell division would allow for the orderly and efficient segregation of multiple linear chromosomes
how do the daughter cells at the end of mitosis and cytokinesis compare with their parent cell when it was in G1 of the cell cycle? the daughter cells have the same number of chromosomes and the same amount of DNA
at prometaphase of mitosis
one daughter nucleus at telephase of mitosis
which term describes 2 centrosomes arranged at opposite poles of the cell? promethaphase
which term descibes centrioles beginning to move apart in animal cells? prophase
which is the longest of the mitosis stage? metaphase
which term describe centromere uncoupling, sister chromatids separating and the 2 new chromosomes moving to opposite poles of the cell? anaphase
if cells in the process of dividing are subjected to colchicine, a drug that interferes with the functioning of the spindle apparatus, at which stage will mitosis be arrested metaphase
a cell containing 92 chromatids at metaphase of mitosis would, at its completion, produce 2 nuclei each containing how many chromosomes? 46
If the cell whose nuclear material continues toward completion of mitosis, which of the following events would occur next? formation of telophase nuclei
If there are 20 centromeres in a cell at anaphase, how many chromosomes are there in each daughter cell following cytokinesis? 20
if there are 20 chromatids in a cell at metaphase, how many chromosomes are there in each daughter cell following cytokinesis? 10
Of the following, the best conclusion concerning the difference between the S phased for beta and gamma is that.. gamma contains more DNA than beta
The best conclusion concerning delta is that the cells.. are actually in the G0 phase
Where do the microtubules of the spindle originate during mitosis in both plant and animal cells? centrosome
If a cell has 8 chromosomes at metaphase of mitosis, how many chromosomes will it have dring anaphase? 16
Cytokinesis usually, but not always, follows mitosis. If a cell completed mitosis but not cytokinesis the result would be a cell with 2 nuclei
Regarding mitosis and cytokinesis, 1 difference between higher plants and animals is that in plants a cell plate begins to form at telophase whereas in animals a cleavage furrow is initiated at that stage
The formation of a cell plate is beginning across the middle of a cell and nuclei are re-forming at opposite ends of the cell. What kind of cell is this? a plant undergoing cytokinesis
Taxol is an anticancer drug extracted from the Pacific yew tree. In animal cells, taxol disrupts microtubule formation by binding to microtubules and accelerating their assembly from the protein precursor, tubulin. This stops mitosis. Taxol affects.. dinoflagellates the fibers of the mitotic spindle
Which of the following are primarily responsible for cytokinesis in plant cells? golgi-derived vesicles
Chromosomes first become visible during which phase of mitosis? prophase
During which phases of mitosis are chromosomes composed of two chromatids? from G2 of interphase through metaphase
In which group of eukaryotic organisms does the nuclear envelope remain intact during mitosis? dinoflagellates and diatoms
Movement of the chromosomes during anaphase would be most affected by a drug that prevents shortening of microtubules.
Measurements of the amount of DNA per nucleus were taken on a large number of cells from a growing fungus. The measured DNA levels ranged from 3 to 6 picograms per nucleus. In which stage of the cell cycle was the nucleus with 6 picograms of DNA? G2
A group of cells is assayed for DNA content immediately following mitosis and is found to have an average of 8 picograms of DNA per nucleus. Those cells would have __________ picograms at the end of the S phase and __________ picograms at the end of G2. 16; 16
The somatic cells derived from a single-celled zygote divide by which process? mitosis
Imagine looking through a microscope at a squashed onion root tip. The chromosomes of many of the cells are plainly visible. Some cells, replicated chromos. are aligned along the equator of the cell. These particular cells are in which stage of mitosis? metaphase
In order for anaphase to begin, which of the following must occur? Cohesin must be cleaved enzymatically
Why do chromosomes coil during mitosis? to allow the chromosomes to move without being entangled and breaking
Which of the following is a function of those spindle microtubules that do not attach to kinetochores? maintaining the region of overlap of fibers in the cell's center
Nucleotides can be radiolabeled before incorporated into new DNA & can be assayed to track their incorporation. In experiments, a research team used labeled T nucleotides & introduced these into the culture of dividing human cells at specific times.
which question might be answered by this method? What is the length of the S phase of the cell cycle?
The research team used the setup to study the incorporp. of labeled nucleotides to a culture of lymphocytes & found that the lymphocytes incorporated the labeled nucleotide at a much higher level after pathogen was introduced to the culture & concluded: infection causes lymphocytes to divide more rapidly
If mammalian cells receive a go-ahead signal at the G1 checkpoint, they will complete the cycle and divide
Cells that are in a nondividing state are in which phase? G0
What causes the decrease in the amount of cyclin at a specific point in the cell cycle? its destruction by a process initiated by the activity of its complex with a cyclin
What is a general term for enzymes that activate or inactivate other proteins by phosphrylating them? protein kinase
What is released by platelets in the vincinity of an injury? PDGF
Which of the following is a protein synthesized at specific times during the cell cycle that associates with a kinase to form a catalytically active complex? cyclin
Which of the following is a protein maintained at constant levels throughout the cell cycle that requires cyclin to become catalytically active? Cdk
The shortest part if the cell cycle: M
DNA is replicated at this time of the cell cycle: S
G1
What triggers the cell's passage past the G2 checkpoint into mitosis? MPF
The "restriction point" occurs here: G1
Nerve and muscle cells are in this phase: G0
The cyclin componenet of MPF is destroyed toward the end of this phase: M
In the figure above, mitosis is represented by which number? 4
G1 is represented by which number? 1 and 2
Which number represents DNA synthesis? 2
Which number represents the point in the cell cycle during which the chromosomes are replicated? 2
MPF reaches its threshold concentration at the end of this stage? 3
An enzyme that attaches a phosphate group to another molecule is called a: kinase
Proteins that are involved in the regulation of the cell cycle, are called cyclins
MPF protein complex turns itself off by activiating a process that destroys cyclin component
A mutation results in a cell that no longer produces a normal protein kinase for the M phase checkpoint. Which of the following would likely be the immediate results of this mutuation? the cell would undergo normal mitosis, but fail to enter the next G1 phase
Density-dependent inhibition is explained by which of the following? As cells become more numberous, the cell surface protens of one cell contact the adjoining cells and they stop dividing
Which of the following is true concerning cancer cells? A,B,& C (all)
Which of the following describe cyclin-dependent kinase(CDK)? B and C (Cdk is present throught the cell cycle and is an enzyme that attatches phosphate groups to other proteins)
A particular cyclin called cyclin E forms a complex with a Cyclin-dep. kinase called CDK 2. The complex is important for the progression of the cell from G1 into the S phase of the cell cycle. which is correct? The amount of cyclin E is highest during G1
The research team establish similar lymphocyte cultures from a number of human donors...they repeated the study with a larger # of samples but got the same results. what might be a conclusion? The elderly persons' samples demonstrated their lower immune response
Cells from an advance malignant tumor most often have very abnormal chromosomes and often an abnormal total number of chromosomes. Why might this occur? Chromosomally abnormal cells can still go through cell cycle checkpoints
Besides the ability of some cancer cells to overproliterate, what else could logically result in a tumor? lack of appropriate cell death
Through a microscope, you can see a cell plate. This cell is most likely: a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis
Vinblastine is a standard chemotherapeutic drug used to treat cancer. Because it interferes with the assembly of microtubules, its effectiveness must be related to distribution of mitotic spindle formation
A particular cell has half as much DNA as some other cells in a mitotically active tissue. The cell in question is most likely in: G1
One difference between cancer cells and normal cells is that cancer cells continue to divide even when they are tightly packed together
The decline of MPF activity at end of mitosis is due to the degradation of cyclin
The drug cytochalasin B blocks the function of actin. Which of the following aspects of the cell cycle would be most disrupted by cytochalasin B? cleavage furrow formation
The cells of some organisms, mitosis occurs without cytokinesis. This will result in: cells with more than one nucleus
Which of the following does NOT occur during mitosis? replication of the DNA
Created by: abriscoe1
 

 



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