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bio lecture ch. 13
bio ch. 13 ?'s
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is a genome? | the complement of an organism's genes |
| Which of the following statements about genes is incorrect? | 1 gene only is used in a specific cell type |
| Asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction differ in all but which ways? | asexual reproduction is utilized only by fungi and protists, whereas sexual reproduction is utilized only by plants and animals |
| If a horticulturist breeding gardenias succeeds in having a single plant with a particularly desirable set of traits, which would be her most probable and efficient route to establishing a line of such plants? | clone the plant asexually to produce an identical one |
| Asexual reproduction results in identical offspring unless which of the following: | mutation |
| The human genome is minimally contained in which of the following? | every human cell |
| A gene's location along a chromosome is known as which of the following? | locus |
| What is a karyotype? | A display of every pair of homologous chromosomes within a cell, organized according to size and shape |
| At which stage of mitosis are chromosomes usually photographed in the preparation of a karyotype? | Metaphase |
| The human X and Y chromosomes: | include genes that determine an individual's sex |
| Which of the following is true of a species that has a chromsome number of 2n=16? | each cell has 8 homologous pairs |
| Eukaryotic sexual life cycles show tremendous variation. Of the following elements, which do all sexual life cycles have in common? | (2, 3, & 4)meiosis, fertilization, and gametes |
| Which of these statements is false? | at sexual maturity, ovaries and testes produce diploid gametes by meiosis |
| In animals, meiosis results in gametes, and fertilization results in... | zygotes |
| Referring to a plant sexual life cycle, which of the following terms describes the process that leads directly to the formation of gametes? | gametophyte mitosis |
| Which of the following is an example of alternation of generations? | A diploid plant(sporophyte) produces, by meiosis, a spore that gives rise to a multicellular, haploid pollen grain (gametophyte) |
| Which of the life cycles is typical for animals? | I |
| Which of the life cycles is typical for plants and some algae? | III |
| Which life cycle is for fungi and some protists? | II |
| In III, the progression of events corresponds to which of the following series? | Sporophyte, meiosis, spore, mitosis, gametophyte, mitosis, gametes, fertilization |
| In a life cycle as in III, if the zygote's chromsome number is 10, which of the following will be true? | The sporophyte's chromosomes number per cell is 10 and the gametophyte's is 5 |
| The karyotype of 1 species of primae has 48 chromosomes. In a particular female, cell division goes awry and she produces one of her eggs with an extra chomosome(25). The most probable source of this error would be a mistake in whic of the following? | either anaphase I or II |
| A given organism has 46 chromosomes in its karyotype. We can therefor conclude that: | its gametes must have 23 chromosomes |
| A triploid cell contains 3 sets of chromosomes. If a cell of a useally diploid species with 42 chromosomes per cell is triploid, this cell would be expected to have: | 63 chromosomes in 21 sets of 3 |
| A karyotype results from: | the ordering of human chromosomes images |
| After telophase I of meiosis, the chromosomal makeup of each daughter cell is | haploid and the chromsomes are each composed of 2 chromatids |
| How do cells at the completion of meiosis compare with cells that have replicated and are just about to begin meiosis? | They have half the number of chromosomes and 1/4 the amount of DNA |
| When does synaptonemal complex disappear? | Late prophase of meiosis I |
| Tetrads of chromosomes are aligned at the equator of the spindle; alignment determines independent assortment | metaphase I |
| Synapsis of homologous pairs occurs; crossing over may occur | prophase |
| Centromeres of sister chromatids disjoin and chromatids separate in: | anaphaseII |
| Which of the following happens at the conclusion of meiosis I? | homologous chromosomes are separated |
| Which diagram represents prophase I of meiosis? | IV (chrom. pairing) |
| A cell divides to produce 2 daughter cells that are genetically different in | meiosis I only |
| Homologous chromosomes synapse and crossing over occurs in | meiosis I only |
| Chromatids are separated from each other. This statement is true for | mitosis and meiosis II |
| Independent assortment of chromosomes occurs in | meiosis I only |
| You have a microscope slide with meiotic cells and a light microscope. What would you look for if you wanted to identify metaphase I on the slide? | tetrads lined up at the center of the cell |
| If the cells were from a plant, which sample might represent a gametophyte cell? | III (least DNA content) |
| Which sample of DNA might be from a nerve cell arrested in G0 of the cell cycle? | I(medium content) |
| Which sample may represent an animal cell in G2 phase of the cell cycle? | II(most content) |
| Which sample may represent a sperm cell? | III (least DNA content) |
| From meiosis steps, which is the order that most illustrates meiosis? | synapsis, alignment, separation of homo., separation of sister, form 4 new nuclei |
| Which steps take place in both mitosis and meiosis? | separatation of sister chromatids (3) |
| What occurs in meiosis but not mitosis | synapsis of chromosomes |
| If an organism is diploid and a certain gene found in the organism has 18 known alleles(variants), then any given organism of that species can/must have which of the following: | At most, 2 alleles for that gene |
| Whether during mitosis or meiosis, sister chromatids are held together by proteins referred to as cohesions. Such molecules must have which of the following properties? | They must be removed before anaphase can occur |
| Experiments with cohesions have found that | cohesions are protected from cleavage at the centromere during meiosis I |
| A tetrad includes which of the following sets of DNA strands? | 2 sets of sister chromatids that have synapsed |
| A female's chromosomes 12 both have the blue gene and chromosome 19 both have the long gene. As cells in her ovaries undergo meiosis, her resulting eggs may have... | 1 chromsome 12 with 1 blue gene and 1 chromosome 19 with 1 long gene |
| If a female of this species has 1 chromosome 12 with a blue gene and another chromosome 12 with an orange gene, she will produce which of the following egg types? | 1/2 blue and 1/2 orange gene eggs |
| A female with a paternal set of 1 orangt and 1 long gene chromosomes and a maternal set comprised of 1 blue and 1 short gene chromosome is expected to produce which of the following types of eggs after meiosis? | Each egg has 1/4 chance of having blue long, blue short, orange long, orange short combinations |
| Chiasmata are what we see under a microscope that let us know which occurs... | crossing over |
| How does the sexual life cycle increase the genetic variation in a species? | by allowing independent assortment of chromosomes |
| For a species with a haploid number of 23 chromosomes, how many different combinations of maternal and paternal chromosomes are possible for the gametes? | about 8 million |
| Independent assortment of chromosomes is a result of: | the random and independent way in which each pair of homologous chromosomes lines up at the metaphase plate during meiosis I |
| When pairs of homologous chromosomes separate during anaphase I: | the sister chromatids remain attatched to one another |
| Natural selection and recombination due to crossing over during meiosis I are related in which way? | recombinants may have combinations of traits that are favored by natural selection |
| A human cell containing 22 autosomes and a Y chromosome is: | a sperm |
| Which life cycle stage is found in plants but not animals? | multicellular haploid |
| Homologous chromosomes move toward opposite poles of a dividing cell during: | meiosis I |
| Meiosis II is similar to mitosis in that | sister chromatids separate during anaphase |
| If the DNA content of a diploid cell in the G1 phase of the cell cycle is x, then the content of the same cell at metaphase of meiosis I woudl be: | 2x |
Created by:
abriscoe1