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US Court Cases
| Court Case | Explanation |
|---|---|
| Barron v. Baltimore | Ruled that the Bill of Rights cannot be applied to the states. Helped to define the concept of federalism |
| Brown v. Board of Education | Ruled that racially segregated schools violated the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment. Reversed the principle of “separate but equal” established in Plessy v. Ferguson. |
| Citizens United v. FEC | Ban on corporate & union spending on campaigns was unconstitutional. Corporations and unions may spend money on advertisements but cannot give money directly to a candidate. |
| Engel v. Vitale | Struck down state-sponsored prayer in public schools. Ruled that the Regents’ prayer was an unconstitutional violation of the Establishment Clause. (1st Amendment) |
| Gideon v. Wainwright | Ruled that the 6th Amendment right-to-counsel provisions applies to those accused of major crimes under state laws. Applied to the states through the Due Process Clause of the 14th Amendment. |
| Griswold v. Connecticut | Ruled that a Connecticut law criminalizing the use of contraceptives violated the right to marital privacy. Established an important precedent for Roe v. Wade. |
| Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier | The U.S. Supreme Court held that the principal's actions did not violate the students' free speech rights. paper was sponsored by the school |
| Tinker v. Des Moines Independent School District | Protected some forms of symbolic speech. Ruled that students do not “shed their constitutional rights to freedom of speech or expression at the schoolhouse gate.” |
| Regents of the University of California v. Bakke | Ordered the Medical School at the University of California at Davis to admit Bakke. Ruled that the medical school’s denied Bakke the equal protection guaranteed by the 14th Amendment. Ruled that race could be used as factor |
| Marbury v. Madison | Established the principle of judicial review, Supreme Court the authority to declare acts of Congress unconstitutional. |
| McCullock v. Maryland | Confirmed the right of Congress to utilize implied powers to carry out its expressed powers. t states cannot interfere with or tax the legitimate activities of the federal government. |
| Miranda v. Arizona | Ruled that the police must inform criminal suspects of their constitutional rights before questioning suspects after arrest. Required police to read the Miranda rules to criminal suspects. |
| New Jersey v. T.L.O | The Fourth Amendment’s prohibition on unreasonable searches and seizures applies to public school officials, warrant-less searches of students probable cause standard would normally apply to searches under the Fourth Amendment. |
| Planned Parenthood v.Casey | The Court reaffirmed Roe v. Wade the purpose or effect of imposing an “undue burden” (a “substantial obstacle in the path of a woman seeking an abortion before the fetus attains viability”) |
| Obergefell v. Hodges | The Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment guarantees the right to marry as one of the fundamental liberties it protects, and that analysis applies to same-sex couples in the same manner as it does to opposite-sex couples. |
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laineysuiter
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