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GOV UNIT 6 TST 2019
Mr. Stickler's Liberty Christian GOV. State/Local Government Tst Flashcards 2019
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| List three (3) reasons why state constitutions are important. | 1.) They create structure in government; 2.) Establish different types of local government (EX: counties & townships); 3.) Regulate how state & local governments can raise & spend money. |
| What is the purpose of "constitutional commissions"? | The purpose of this group of experts is to study the state constitution and recommend changes. |
| What does the term "referendum" mean/ refer to? | This term refers to situations when voters - rather than the legislature - votes on an issue. |
| Which state is the only state that has a "unicameral" (i.e. "one-chambered") legislature? | Nebraska is the only state that has this. |
| What does the term "bicameral" mean/refer to? | This term means "two-chambered" and refers to the fact that a state or federal legislature has 2 chambers: a House of Representatives and a Senate. |
| How many states have a "lieutenant governor"? | 49 states have these. |
| What does the term "lieutenant governor" mean/ refer to? | This term refers to the person who is the 2nd highest ranking politician in many (49) states. |
| What are the qualifications for becoming a "governor" in most states? | 1.) Be at least 30 years old; 2.) Be an American citizen; 3.) Be a resident of the state for 5 or more years. |
| What does the term "plurality" mean/ refer to? | This term refers to "the largest number of votes in an election". |
| How long do most state governors serve? | Most serve 4 year terms of office. |
| What does the term "item veto" mean/ refer to? | This term refers to "the power to turn down a particular section or item in a piece of legislation without vetoing the entire law". |
| What do state "attorney generals" do? | These officials supervise the legal activities of all state agencies, give legal advice to the governor, & act as a lawyer for the state in cases in which it is involved. |
| What are "civil cases"? | These are cases that involve a dispute between 2 or more private individuals or organizations. |
| What are "criminal cases"? | These are cases in which the state brings charges against a citizen for violating a law. |
| What is the "Missouri Plan" where state government is concerned? | This plan "combines appointment by the governor and popular election" where appointing state judges is concerned. |
| Why do some people question the wisdom of electing state court judges? | They question whether people are informed enough to elect judges, and they fear political influences upon judges who are elected. |
| What is a "corporate charter"? | This is "a document that grants certain rights, powers, and privileges to a corporation". |
| What is a "public utility"? | These are "organizations, either privately or publicly owned, that supply necessities such as gas, electricity, telephone service, or transportation service". |
| What does the term "worker's compensation" mean/ refer to? | This term refers to "the payments people unable to work as a result of job-related injury or ill health receive". |
| What does the term "unemployment compensation" mean/ refer to? | This term refers to payments that people who are unable to find employment receive. |
| What is "mandatory sentencing"? | This is "a system of fixed, required terms of imprisonment for certain types of crimes". |
| What are "victim compensation laws"? | These are laws in which state governments provide financial aid to victims of certain crimes. |
| What does the term "extradition" mean/ refer to? | This term refers to "a legal procedure through which a person accused of a crime who has fled to another state is, on demand, returned to the state where the crime occurred". |
| What does the term "parole" mean/ refer to? | This term means that a prisoner serves the rest of the sentence in the community under the supervision of a parole officer. |
| What does the term "shock probation" mean/ refer to? | This term refers to a program in which juvenile offenders were briefly incarcerated - followed by supervised release - to show them how terrible prison life can be. |
| What does the term "shock incarceration" mean/ refer to? | This is a relatively new program that involves shorter sentences in a highly structured environment where offenders participate in work, community service, education, & counseling. |
| What does the term "house arrest" mean/ refer to ? | This term refers to a program in which an offender stays at home except for certain functions the court permits. |
| What are "excise taxes"? | These are taxes on select items. |
| What are "regressive taxes"? | These are taxes in which the percentage of income taxed drops as incomes rise. |
| What are "progressive taxes"? | These are taxes that rise as a person's income rises. |
| What are "proportional taxes"? | These are tax systems in which all wage earners are taxes at the same percentage of their income (EX: everyone pays a 10% tax). |
| What does the term "intergovernmental income" mean/ refer to? | This term refers to "revenue distributed by one level of government to another". |
| What does the term "federal grant" mean/ refer to? | This term refers to "sums of money that are given to states for a variety of specific purposes". |
| What are "block grants"? | These are "large sums of money paid to a state or local government to be used for a general purpose" (EX: public health or crime control). |
| What does the term "mandate" mean/ refer to? | This term refers to "a formal order given by a higher authority". |
| What are "counties"? | These are normally the largest territorial & political subdivision in a state. |
| What is the purpose of a "county board"? | The purpose of this group of officials is to govern most counties. (The name of this board varies from state to state.) |
| What are "townships"? | These exist in 20 states and are divisions of counties. |
| What are "municipalities"? | These are urban units of government - a town, borough, city, or urban district - that has legal rights granted by the state through its charter. |
| What are "special districts"? | These are units of local government that deal with a specific function (EX: education or transportation). |
| What does the term "incorporation" mean/ refer to? | This term refers to the process by which a community "sets up a legal community" and form a municipal government. |
| What does the term "strong-mayor system" mean/ refer to? | This term refers to a local government in which the municipal charter grants the mayor strong executive powers. |
| What does the term "weak-mayor system" mean/ refer to? | This term refers to a local government in which the municipal charter grants the mayor weak executive powers. |
| Why do many large cities prefer council-manager form of municipal government? | Political experts believe it leads to better management & responsible government because executive & legislative powers are clearly separated, making it easy for votes to assign praise or blame. |
| What does the term "zoning" mean/ refer to? | This term refers to "regulations regarding the way land and buildings may be used". |
| What does the term "metropolitan area" mean/ refer to? | This term refers to "a large city and its surrounding suburbs". |
| What is the difference between "real property" and "personal property"? | "Real property" consists of land and any buildings that are built on it. "Personal property" consists of such things as jewelry, stocks & bonds, and furniture. |
| What does the term "assessment" mean/ refer to? | This term refers to "the process of calculating the value of (the) property". |
| What does the term "market value" mean/ refer to? | This term refers to "the amount of money the owner may expect to receive if the property is sold". |
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