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3.12 Landmark Court
Civics Florida Standard SS.7.C.3.12 Supreme Court Landmark Cases
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| arbiter | a person with the power to decide a dispute |
| Brown v. Board of Education | U.S. Supreme Court case that determined that “separate but equal” segregation was not equal in public education |
| Bush v. Gore | U.S. Supreme Court case that determined that states cannot violate the Equal Protection Clause under the Fourteenth Amendment when undertaking election recounts. |
| District of Columbia v. Heller | U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld that the Second Amendment protects an individual’s right to possess a firearm |
| Equal Protection Clause | the section of the Fourteenth Amendment that says that states must apply the law equally and cannot discriminate against citizens or groups of citizens |
| executive privilege | the belief that the conversations between the president and his aides are confidential |
| Gideon v. Wainwright | U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld the Sixth Amendment right that all defendants must be appointed a lawyer if they cannot afford their own attorney |
| Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier | U.S. Supreme Court case that determined that the First Amendment does not protect all types of student speech in school |
| In re Gault | U.S. Supreme Court case that determined that juvenile court must comply with the Fourteenth Amendment |
| judicial opinion | judgment by a court |
| judicial review | the power of the U.S. courts to examine the laws or actions of the legislative and executive branches of the government and to determine whether such actions are consistent with the U.S. Constitution |
| juvenile rights | rights of people under the age 18 |
| landmark | an important or unique decision, event, fact, or discovery |
| legal equality | the concept that everyone is equal in the eyes of the law |
| legal precedent | a judicial decision that is used as an example in dealing with later, similar cases |
| Marbury v. Madison | U.S. Supreme Court case that established judicial review |
| Miranda v. Arizona | U.S. Supreme Court cases that upheld the Fifth Amendment protection from self-incrimination |
| Plessy v. Ferguson | U.S. Supreme Court case that determined that “separate but equal” segregation was not discrimination |
| prosecute | to carry on a legal action against an accused person to prove his or her guilt |
| rights of the accused | the rights included in the Fourth, Fifth and Sixth Amendments: protection from unreasonable search and seizure, double jeopardy, and self-incrimination, the right to due process, right to a speedy and public trial, trial by jury, the right to be informed of criminal charges, right to be confronted by adverse witnesses, right to an attorney, protection from self-incrimination |
| segregation | the separation of people, such as segregation based on race |
| self-incrimination | the right in the Fifth Amendment that protects a person from being forced to reveal to the police, prosecutor, judge, or jury any information that might subject him or her to criminal prosecution |
| separation of powers | the structure of the federal government, according to the U.S. Constitution, that sets up three branches with their own distinct powers and responsibilities |
| Supremacy Clause | the clause that states that the U.S. Constitution is the supreme law of the land, and that national laws are supreme over state laws, found in Article VI |
| Tinker v. Des Moines | U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld a student’s First Amendment right to engage in symbolic speech in school |
| unanimous | in complete agreement |
| United States v. Nixon | U.S. Supreme Court case that limited executive privilege |
Created by:
pamelamb
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