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OABPOS1041 Final
OAB POS1041 Final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The president is able to direct the actions of the nation’s military by the ___________ power given to the office by the constitution. | commander-in-chief |
| The “advice and consent” role of the Senate when the president makes certain appointments, or enters into treaties with foreign countries, means that the Senate must approve of the president’s actions before they can take effect. | True |
| The Vice-President of the United States has only two constitutional duties: to break tie votes in the Senate if they occur and to assume the office of president if a president does not finish their term. | True |
| The constitutional power of the president to pardon anyone convicted of a federal crime was originally intended | as a check against potential abuse of power by the judicial branch |
| The federal bureaucracy of the executive branch consists of all of the following EXCEPT | joint congressional committees |
| Every person who is elected president makes approximately ________ appointments of individuals to head the major departments, bureaus, agencies, and offices of the federal government known as the federal bureaucracy. | 4,000 |
| The Joint Chiefs of Staff is an advisory body to the president on matters of national security. It is comprised of | leaders from each branch of the military |
| If President Trump for any reason is unable to finish his term of office, then _______________ will become president. | Mike Pence |
| Federal judges and Supreme Court justices of the judicial branch who make unpopular decisions on important cases can be removed and replaced by the president. | False |
| The lowest tier of the 3-tiered federal court system is the | District court |
| The common law tradition of the U.S. legal system is also referred to as | judge-made law |
| In the common law tradition, an important factor in how judges will rule on cases is based on the legal rationale that was used to decide prior cases, which is referred to as | precedents |
| The power of the judicial branch to invalidate laws passed by legislatures, or to declare actions of the executive branch to be unconstitutional, is based on | the principle of judicial review |
| Whether a court has the authority to hear and decide a particular case is based on its | jurisdiction |
| Appellate jurisdiction means a court has the authority to hear a case for the first time and conduct a trial. | False |
| Anyone who loses their case in a federal district court has a legal right to appeal the decision to a higher court. | True |
| The current Chief Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court is | John Roberts |
| A case heard by the U.S. Supreme Court that is decided by a simple majority vote will result in a _______ decision, assuming all positions on the court are filled (no vacancies). | 5-4 |
| When a third party joins one of the sides in a case being heard by the Supreme Court and files a legal brief on behalf of that side, the brief is referred to as a(n) _____________ brief. | amicus curiae |
| After the Supreme Court decides a case, the legal or constitutional justification for the decision is explained in a(an) | written judicial opinion |
| When vacancies occur on the U.S. Supreme Court, new justices to fill those positions are | nominated by the president and must be confirmed by the Senate |
| A course of action taken by the government to address a matter of public concern, such as a rising poverty rate or the threat of terrorism, is called | public policy |
| One of the key elements of current social welfare policy in the United States is to address the problem of | income security |
| If someone applies to the SNAP (Food Stamp) program, and in order for them to qualify they must prove their income is at or below a certain level, then it means the program is | means-tested |
| The percent of your income that you must currently contribute individually to the federal Social Security retirement program, which is matched by your employer, is approximately | 6% |
| The government-run health care program for low-income Americans is called | Medicaid |
| The 2019 fiscal year of the U.S. federal government (FY2019) began on 10/01/18. | True |
| Which of the matters below is most closely associated with government fiscal policy? | Taxing and spending measures reflected in the federal budget |
| The goal of U.S. monetary policy, as conducted by the Federal Reserve (the Fed), is to stabilize the nation’s economy. It does this by | regulating the nation’s money supply and the cost of borrowing money by adjusting interest rates |
| The “Fed,” which controls U.S. monetary policy, is also referred to as the | nation's central bank |
| Because of the wealth generated by its $21 trillion national economy (GDP), the U.S. government nearly always ends its fiscal year budget with a surplus of funds. | Falsa |
| The U.S. government finances the national debt primarily by | borrowing money through the sale of U.S. Treasury bonds |
| The total national debt of the United States is projected to be about ________ in Fiscal Year (FY) 2019. | $23 trillion |
| The largest mandatory expense in the FY 2019 federal budget is ________, while the largest discretionary expense is __________. | Social Security; Defense |
| The amount of money by which the U.S. federal government overspends in any given fiscal year budget is referred to as the | annual budget deficit |
| Inflation is a problem that needs to be addressed by the Fed’s monetary policy | when prices for goods and services in the economy rise substantially faster than people’s incomes |
| When the U.S. government develops strategies to protect the country from its foreign enemies, it is working on the formulation of its | defense policy |
| The international rivalry between the United States and the Soviet Union for political and economic influence around the world, which lasted for a period of roughly 50 years following WWII, created an international order known as the | Bipolar Cold War system |
| A U.S. leader who advocates for prolonged military intervention in foreign countries in order to help protect the United States from terrorism is someone who believes in an isolationist foreign policy. | False |
| The U.S. war in Vietnam during the 1960s and 1970s was part of its strategy for implementing its | containment foreign policy |
| Promoting the spread of democracy and free market economic systems throughout the world in the immediate years following the collapse of the Soviet Union in the early 1990s was the objective of President Clinton's foreign policy of | enlargement |
| The organization responsible for planning and carrying out the attacks in the United States on September 11, 2001 was __________, which led to the lengthy U.S. military operation in ____________. | al-Qaeda; Afghanistan |
| Official relations between the United States government and all foreign countries is the EXCLUSIVE authority of the national (federal) government. | True |
| The part of the U.S. government that has the MOST influence over the formulation of U.S. foreign policy is | the President and the executive branch |
| A president who orders a U.S. military combat operation overseas that lasts for 10 weeks without first getting authorization from Congress is in violation of the War Powers Act of 1973. | True |
| The most important foreign policy tool for those who tend to agree with the foreign policy perspective of realism is | a strong national military |
| Those who tend to agree with the perspective of foreign policy liberalism generally believe the world doesn’t have to be as anarchical as it has been throughout much of human history and instead believe that rather than focusing on the accumulation of po | diplomacy |
| Although the level of military and defense spending by the U.S. government in the federal budget is high, it is very low compared to the total amount spent by China and Russia, who are America’s greatest rivals in international affairs. | False |
| The U.S. wars in Afghanistan and Iraq following the September 11, 2001 attacks in New York and Washington, D.C. can be described as the implementation of a U.S. government foreign policy of | anti-terrorism |
| Members of the U.S. government who are a part of the Department of State in the executive branch, and who are operating through embassies and consulates located in foreign countries around the world, are members of the | U.S. Diplomatic Corps |
| If the Federal Reserve (Fed) believes the U.S. economy is growing too fast and risking higher inflation, then it could potentially slow down the growth of the economy by | raising interest rates |
| All of the individuals but one who are appointed to the president's cabinet to run the major departments of government have the title of | Secretary |
| U.S. Courts of Appeals, which are in the middle tier of the 3-tiered federal judicial structure, are also known as | circuit courts |
| The current U.S. Supreme Court is known as the | Roberts Court |
| Judges of the federal judicial branch are given lifetime tenure in their positions by the constitution in order to | protect them from political or popular pressure when making decisions |
| Social Security and food stamps are both examples of government __________________ programs. | entitlement |
| The ideological balance on the current U.S. Supreme Court consists of ______ members who are considered to be clearly conservative and ______ members who are considered to be clearly liberal. | 5; 4 |
| When American leaders make U.S. foreign policy, their primary concern is protecting or advancing what they believe to be | in the national interest |
| Congress passed the War Powers Act in 1973 in order to | try and take back some of its war-making authority from the presidency |
| Which of the following is NOT a power given to the U.S. President by the Constitution? | Power to declare war against a foreign nation or national enemy |
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