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L4 - Renal Pharm

Clin Pharm Ex 1

QuestionAnswer
Mannitol is a good anti-diuretic (AD) agent bc... filtered by kidneys, but not reabsorbed
AD agents can be given to tx... CHF, RF, ↑IOP, cerebral edema, etc.
Methylxanthines can be used as AD agents, but most commonly use in vet med to... counteract bronchodilation
Ex of Methylxanthines Theophylline, Aminophylline, Caffine, Theobromine
Competitive nonselective phosphodiesterase inhib = ↑ IC cAMP = activates PKA Methylxanthines
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors Acetazolamide, Methazolamide, Dichlorphenamide
Sulfonamide derivatives that reversibly inhib CA in renal PT Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors CAIs)
CAIs cause inhib of HCO3 reabsorption, which produces... alkaline urine = hyperchloremic acidosis
CA is present in the eyes, involved in... aqueous humor prod
CAIs are primarily used to tx... glaucoma; given as eye drops
Loop Diuretic ex: Furosamide, Torsemide, Bumetanide
Which agent can be given with Furosemide for an immediate diuretic effect? Mannitol
Loop diuretics are very effective & fast acting because... inhibit Na-K-Cl cotransporter in Loop of Henle
Which diuretic agents provided the greatest diuresis? Loop diuretics
What vital electrolyte must be monitored &/or supplemented w/AD agent tx? Potassium
Loop diuretics are drug of choice for tx of... liver dz, CHF, & generalized edema
Loop diuretics are very potent so they shouldn't be given... long term
Commonly used to prevent exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage & epistaxis in race horses Furosemide
Thiazide diuretics (benzothiadizines) act in... early part of distal convoluted tubule
Diuretics that block the Na-Cl Cotransporter in the DCT Thiazide Diuretics
Due to actions in the early DCT, ↓ excretion of... Ca2+
Thiazide diuretic effects are modest bc... 90% Na reabsorbed prior to DCT
Which Thiazide Diuretics are most common in vet med? Chlorothiazide & Hydrochlorothiazide
What drug tx is useful for udder edema in cattle? Chlorothiazide +/- Dexamethazone
Thiazides produce less _____ than other diuretics disturbance of ECF
Potassium sparing diuretics: Spironolactone, Triamterene, & Amiloride
Triamterene & Amiloride act in DCT & Collecting Duct by... inhin Na resorption w/o ↑ K excretion
Spironolactone ↓ regulates Na ch & Na-K exchange bc it's a... competitive antagonist of aldosterone in late DCT
When is Spironolactone the best choice for a diuretic? CRF when aldosterone is ↑
Created by: Dr_B.Phillips22
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