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Key Dates
The Reformation
Question | Answer |
---|---|
John Tetzel came to Germany to sell indulgences | 1517 |
Luther pinned his 95 Theses to a church door in Wittenberg | October 31st 1517 |
Archbishop of Mainz, Tetzel's boss, sent a copy of the 95 Theses to Rome | 1518 |
Luther summoned to Rome for heresy | August 17th 1518 |
Luther argued his case against the Pope's representative, Cardinal Cajetan | October 1518: Diet of Augsburg |
Death of Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I | January 1519 |
Charles V elected as Holy Roman Emprire | June 1519 |
Debate between Luther and Johann Eck in Leipzig | July 1519 |
Exsurge Domine issued by Pope Leo X condemning Luther as a heretic | July 1520 |
Address to the Christian nobility of the German nation published | August 1520 |
The Babylonish captivity of the Church published | September 1520 |
The freedom of the Christian man published | November 1520 |
Luther publicly burnt the papal bull | January 1521 |
Luther given save assurance by Charles, asked to acknowledge his pamphlets (which he did) and asked to recant his beliefs (which he didn't) | April 1521: Diet of Worms |
Charles condemned Luther as a heretic. He was subjected to an imperial ban and sentenced to death. | 1521 Edict of Worms |
Wittenberg Reformation: Iconoclasm in Luther's absence (destruction of church images and relics) | 1521-22 |
Philip of Hesse joins Luther | 1524 |
Peasant's Revolt | 1524-25 |
50/65 Imperial cities recognised some form of Protestantism | 1525 |
League of Togau formed by Lutheran princes, preventing the enforcement of the Edict of Worms | 1525 |
Albert of Hohenzollern secularised his lands and accepted Lutheranism in Prussia | 1525 |
Charles gave concessions to Lutheran princes allowing individual rulers to decided the religion in their territory, in return for military support to fight the Turks | 1526 Diet of Speyer |
Charles had dealt with his military problems and tried to take back his concessions | 1529 Diet of Speyer |
The term, Protestants, first used as a collective name for the protesters | 1529 |
Meeting between Lutherans and Zwinglians. Agreed on 14/15 points discussed, but couldn't agree on the Eucharist | 1529 Meeting at Marburg |
Charles met with Melanchthon and Zwingli. Melanchthon prepared a Confession of Faith but the Catholics took a hardline. | 1530 Diet of Augsburg |
Charles ordered all traditional doctrines and practices to be observed in the HRE | November 1530 |
Protestant princes came together to form an alliance to protect all Protestants | 1531 Schmalkaldic League |
Charles agreed to leave the Protestants in peace until a General Council of Church | June 1532: Peace of Nuremberg |
Charles tried to enforce Papal Council decisions but backed down when the Protestant princes threatened force | 1537 |
Catholic and Protestants representatives met to discuss reconciliation, but ultimately failed. | 1541 Diet of Regensburg |
3 of the 7 HRE electors were Lutheran | January 1546 |
Luther died | February 1546 |
Charles secured a base in South Germany | End of 1546 |
Charles attacked and captured John of Saxony at Mühlberg | Spring 1547 |
Charles captured Wittenberg | May 1547 |
Philip of Hesse surrendered to Charles | June 1547 |
Charles issued the Interim of Augsburg, giving minor concessions to the Protestants but largely meant conforming to the RCC | 1547 Diet of Augsburg |
The Protestants pushed Charles back to the south | April 1551 |
Charles returned to Germany but was defeated again | 1552 |
Charles left Germany and never returned | 1553 |
Charles authorised Ferdinand to preside over the forthcoming diet | 1554 |
The Catholics and Lutherans made peace, but didn't satisfy all Protestants | February 1555: Peace of Augsburg |