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Oceanography Ch13-15
Exam 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A. Producer B. Consumer C. Decomposer cyanobacteria bacteria flounder kelp Sargassum starfish | A. producer C. decomposer B. consumer A. producer A. producer B. consumer |
| A. incidental catch B. farming of shellfish E. dolphin G. catch without reducing population C. available biomass by-catch mariculture Marine Mammals Act of 1992 maximum sustainable yield standing stock | A. incidental catch B. farming of commercial shellfish and finfish E. dolphin protection G. catch w/o reducing population of target species C. available biomass of target species |
| In primary production: a.carbon dioxide is released into water b.oxygen is utilized by plants c.oxygen utilized by animals is less than oxygen d.proteins are made by animals e.there is a net gain in organic carbon | e.there is a net gain in organic carbon |
| bacteria that make their own carbohydrates by obtaining energy from chemical compounds and not directly the sun are: a.chemosynthetic bacteria b.cyanobacteria c.heterotrophs d.phytoplankton e.protists | a.chemosynthetic bacteria |
| net primary productivity is: a.net gain in organic carbon b.photosynthetis minus cellular respiration c.total amounts of photosynthethis d.A and B are correct e.A and C are correct | d. A and B are correct |
| the nutrients that tend to limit photosynthesis in marine environments include: a. carbon dioxide b. nitrate c. phosphorus d. A and B are correct e. B and C are correct | e. B and C are correct |
| the depth at which the cellular respiration rate equals the photosynthetic rate is referred to as: a.calcium compensation depth b.epipelagic depth c.euphotic zone d.compensation depth for photosynthesis e.productive zone | d. compensation depth for photosynthesis |
| the most abundant marine macro algae are members of the Division: a. bacillariophyta b. chrysophyta c. phrysophyta d. phaeophyta e. rhodophyta | e. rhodophyta |
| diatoms, important producers in the epipelagic open ocean, are members of the Division: a. angiospermae b. chrysophyta c. chlorophyta d. haptophyta e. pyrrophyta | b. chrysophyta |
| the organism that is responsible for red tides and paralytic shellfish poisioning belongs to the Division: a.bacillariophyta b.chlorophyta c.phaeophyta d.pyrrophyta e.rhodophyta | d.pyrrophyta |
| important marine autotrophs that have si02 incorporated in the cell walls are: a. coccolithophorids b. cyanobacteria c. diatoms d. dinoflagellates e. radiolarians | c. diatoms |
| marine flowering plants include all of the following except: a. eel grass b. mangroves c. Spartina alterniflora d. surf grass e. ulva | e. ulva |
| overproduction of organic matter resulting in anoxic conditions is attributed to: a. autotrophication b.eutrophication c.net primary productivity d. photoperiodicity e. phototrophism | b. eutrophication |
| harmful algal blooms (HABs) a. only affect invertebrates b. are caused by coccolithophorids c. do not affect coastal fisheries d. have decreased in frequency since 1992 e. may produce toxins that affect human neurological functioning | e. may produce toxins that affect human neurological functioning |
| eutrophication is a type of pollution caused by increased: a.concentration of hydrocarbons b. inorganic nutrient input c. primary productivity d. salinity e. water temperature | b. inorganic nutrient input |
| the relative productivity in the world's oceans from most productive to least: a.polar, temperate, tropical b.polar, tropical, temperate c. temperate, polar, tropical d. temperate, tropical, polar e. tropical, temperate, polar | a. polar, temperate, tropical |
| temperate oceans during winter months a. nutrients high,solar low,temp decreases b.nutrients high,solar high,temp decreases. c. nutrients high, solar high, temp increases d. nutrients low,solar high,temp decreases e. nutrient low, solar low, temp dec | a. nutrient concentrations are high, solar input is low, water temp decreases |
| temperate oceans,summer months: a.nutrients high,solar low, oxy decre b.nutr high, solar high, oxy decre c. nutr hih, solar high, oxy incre d. nutr low, solar high, oxy decre e. nutr low, solar high, oxy increa | d. nutrient concentrations are low, solar input is high, and oxygen solubility decreases |
| which tropical locations have high primary productivity rates? a. coastal upwelling zones b. coral reefs c. equatorial upwelling zones d. mangrove swamps e. all of the above | e. all of the above |
| an area of the open ocean where the rate of primary productivity is very low is: a. atropic zone b. eutrophic area c. oligotropic area d. photic zone e. polytropic area | c. oligotropic area |
| productivity in polar oceans is: a. light-limited b. nutrient-limited c. oxygen-limited d. light and nutrient limited e. nutrient and oxygen limited | a. light limited |
| productivity in tropical oceans is: a. light limited b. nutrient limited c. oxygen limited d. light and nutrient limited e. nutrient and oxygen limited | b. nutrient limited |
| if 10,000 KCAL of energy were contained in primary producers, on avg how many KCAL of energy would you expect to be transferred to third-order consumers? a. 10,000 b.1,000 c.100 d.10 e.1 | d. 10KCAL |
| nutrient flow in an ecosystem is: a. bidirectional b. cyclic c. semi-conservative d. top down e. unidirectional | b. cyclic |
| energy flow in an ecosystem is: a. bi directional b. cyclic c. semi conservative d. top down e. unidirectional | e. unidirectional |
| the efficiency of trophic transfers in ecosystems is on average around: a. 75% b. 50% c. 30% d. 10% e. 5% | d. 10% |
| which pairs is incorrect: a. coral-dinoflag b. fish-isopods c. grouper-cleaner wrasse d. shark-remora e. whale-barnacle | e. whale-barnacle |
| the percentage of biomass regularly recycled in the euphotic zone is: a. 1% b. 10% c. 30% d. 50% e. 90% | e. 90% |
| the percentage of euphotic zone biomass that reaches the deep ocean floor is: a. 1% b. 10% c. 30% d. 50% e. 90% | a. 1% |
| a symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits and the other is unaffected is: a. commensalism b. ectoparasitism c. endoparasitism d. mutualism e. predation | a. commensalism |
| the relationship between cyanobacteria and fungi that results in a lichen is an example of: a. commensalism b. ectoparasitism c. endoparasitism d. mutualism e. predation | d. mutualism |
| the maximum sustainable yield (MSY) is best defined as: a. annual harvest that will balance natural mortality and predation b. largest catch taken without overfishing c. largest catch cover the minimum cost fishing d. maximum fish e. minimum catch | b. largest catch that can be taken without overfishing |
| the area of the ocean that produces the largest standing stock of commercial fish: a. continental shelf b. epipelagic zone c. mesopelagic zone d. tropical areas e. upwelling areas | a. continental shelves |
| the term bycatch refers to: a. krill and shellfish b. non-target species that are caught along with commercial species c. species caught as part of traditional fisheries d. species harvested e. species raised in aquaculture settings | b. non-target species that are caught along with commercial species |
| all of the following are effective ways to regulate fishing excpt: a. limiting length of fishing season b. limiting size of boat c. restricting location of catch d. setting catch limits e. setting gear limits | b. limiting size of boat |
| catches above the maximum sustainable yield: a.can be increased to prevent overfishing b. produce decreased fishing effort c. result in increased populations of target species d. result in overfishing e. result in underutilization of target species | d. result in overfishing |
| purse seines are nets that: a. are allowed to drift at surface b. are dragged along the bottom or through the water column c. float at surface d. placed along the bottom to trap passing fishes e. surround and trap fishes | e. surround and trap fishes |
| the mass present at a given time of a population of fish is called its: a. diversity b. fish stock c. maximum sustainable yield d. recruitment mass e. standing stock | e. standing stock |
| all the following are adaptations to the life in epipelagic zone except: a. gas filled bladders b. increased density c. increased surface area d. long appendages e. spines | a. gas filled bladders |
| which of the following is a member of phylum cnidaria? a. copepod b. jellyfish c. nautilus d. salp e. sea gooseberry | b. jelly fish |
| identify mismatched pair a. arrow worm- chaetognatha b. krill-crustacea c. physalia- cnidaria d. sea gooseberry- ctenophora e. squid-chordata | e. squid-chordata |
| which fins are for turning and breaking? a. anal and caudal b. anal and dorsal c. caudal and dorsal d. caudall and pelvic e. pectoral and pelvic | e. pectoral and pelvic |
| which fins are used as stabilizers? a. anal and caudal b. anal and dorsal c. caudal and dorsal d. caudal and pelvic e. pectoral and pelvic | b. anal and doral |
| the shape of the caudal fin of a shark is referred to as: a. forked b. heterocercal c. lunate d. rounded e. truncate | c. lunate |
| a torpedo shape body is found among: a. bottom dwelling fishes b. demersal fishes c. fast swimming fishes d. fishes that live among rocks and vegetation e. slow swimming fishes | c. fast swimming fishes |
| which of the following is not an adaptation for deep living in cetaceans? a. blood flow is shifted b. collapsing lungs c. a lot of myoglobin d. having increased hemoglobin e. lowed cardiac rate | a. blood flow is shifted from the brain to the extremities |
| a modified circulatory system in tuna helps it: a. cruise for long periods of time b. maintain a relatively high body temperature c. miimize heat loss d. swim very fast for short periods of time e. all of the above | e. all of the above |
| all of the following are adaptations of mesopelagic fishes except: a. extensible jaws b. large mouths c. large body d. nonspecific diet e. sharpe, needle like teeth | b. large mouths |
| bioluminescence is emplyed by mesopelagic animals for all excpt: a. attracting food b. communication c. guarding territory d. predatory aviodance e. warning coloration | e. warning coloration |
| which of the following affect the ability of species to capture food: a. body length b. body temp c. circulatory system d. speed e. all | e. all |
| an example of a cruiser: a. flounder b. grouper c. angelfish d. shark e. tuna | e. tuna |
| the muscle tissue of a lunger is mainly a. blue b. gray c. pink d. red e. white | e. white |
| the speed of a fish is closely related to its: a. aspect ratio b. length c. number of fins d. size of tail e. width | b. length |
| cruises often have relatively high body temp bcuz: a. assists them in predator avoidance b. helps blend c. increase power output of muscle tissue d. they are cold blooded e. they only need to move periodically | c. it increases the power output of muscle tissue |
| all of the following are baleen whales except: a. blue whales b. fin whales c. gray whales d. right whales e. sperm whales | e. sperm whales |
| identify mismatched: a. dolphin-cetacea b. dugong-sirenia c. manatee-cetacea d. sea otter-carnivora e. walrus-pinnipedia | c. manatee-cetacea |
| sea lions are easily distinguished from seals because they: a. cannot rotate their anterior flippers backwards b.cannot rotate their anterior flippers forwards c. have external ears d. have a short neck e. use their posterior flippers for swimming | c. have external ears |
| gray whales migrate every year to a. feed in arctic b. feed in tropics in summer c. feed in tropics in winter d. mater and give birth in arctic and antarctic regions during summer e. mate and give birth in tropics during winter | e. mate and give birth during tropics during winter |
| word analysis: a. arrow worm b. copecod c. ctenophore d. jellyfish e. salp | b. copepod |
| analysis: a. anal b. caudal c. dorsal d. pelvic e. ventral | e. ventral |
| words: a. small size b. collapsible ribs c. gas container d. spines e. swim bladder | b. collapsible ribs |
| words: a. blue b. gray c. killer d. minke e. sei | c. killer |
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