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old euro tests
AP euro
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the Peace of Augsburg did... | if the noble of your town was protestant, you were protestant |
| Ferdinand II was the | HRE emperor |
| Fredrick V was the | Protestant king; "winter King" |
| "defenstration of Prauge" | Protestants threw 2 catholic nobles out a 3 story window |
| Edict of Restitution | restored catholic land |
| Wallenstien was... | a catholic general |
| Gustavous Aldophus was | Swedish King and General |
| phases of the 30 years war | Bohemian, Dutch, Swedish, French |
| What did France do in the 30 yrs war | fought for politics, not religon |
| 30 years war effect on European Unity | no longer unity in religion- prots would fight prots, caths vs caths |
| Russia was separated from Europe | frozen ports (no trade) and land locked (no communication) |
| Russian Royalty from 1613-1917 | Romanov |
| representative group ignored by Czar | Duma |
| technologies brought back by Peter I | better ships, better buildings, cannon |
| western changes by Peter I | shaven beards and tighter clothes |
| Peter I's real goal for westernizing Russia | gaining power for himself |
| "windows on the west" | St. Petersburg |
| Country peter fought for land near Baltic | Sweden |
| war with sweden | The Great Northern War |
| Stephen Razin | killed many nobles |
| Leviathan by Hobbes | a sea monster from the book Job, telling of the evil man in society |
| life of man is "solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short" | -Hobbes |
| man is an evil individual who needs to be taken care of | Hobbes argument for absolute monarch |
| Two Treatises on Government by Locke | man is basically good |
| "natural law" | all men have the right to life, liberty, and property |
| If the government did not serve society then society has a right to rebel | Locke's argument for democracy |
| Novum Organum by Bacon | book on the experimental method (inductive method) |
| inductive method | the general to the details |
| Empiricism | the belief that all science revolves around experimentation |
| "language of science" | the power of mathamatics |
| Discource on method by Descartes | argues that everything is not validated by observation should be doubted |
| "Cogito ergo sum" | "i think therefore i am"- Descartes |
| Systematic Doubt | theory that everything should be doubted (truth is found at the end of experimentation) |
| Cartesian Dualism | everything is divided into spiritual and material essence |
| Philosophes | "students of society" |
| On the spirit of Laws | argued about the powers of government |
| 3 kinds of laws | Law of nations, political law, and civil law |
| 3 types of government | Despotism, monarchy, democracy |
| Candide by Voltaire | against rigid religion, governmental abuse, and vestiges of medievalism |
| shameful aspects of society | prejudice, superstition, and intolerance |
| Ecrasez l'infame | crush the infamous |
| Social Contract by Rousseau | "man was born free, but his chains are everywhere" |
| Political Arithmetic by Sir William Petty | believed economics arouse from the collection and analysis of statisics |
| Adam Smith | reducing barriers that hinder grought, a nations wealth will increase (governments should not get involved in economics) |
| Sci rev's reprocussions beyond the realm of pure science | changed the ideas of God, religion, and man |
| infulenced of Bacon and Descartes did not... | argue for deductive reasoning |
| Descartes believed that nature can be reduced to... | a mathamatical form |
| greatest advance in sci rev in... | Physics and astronomy |
| Galileo observed that... | planets are were made from the same material as Earth |
| Newton's greatest discovery | universal gravitation |
| Spinoza not famous for... | rejecting humanist thought |
| "natural law" can be discovered through... | power of reasoning (common sense) |
| Locke emphasized... | a sound government was based on right of property |
| skepticism about history exsisted not because of... | Adam (the first man) neither knew nor needed it |
| Ecrasez l'infame referred to | religous bigotry |
| Enlightenment of the 18th C is referred to... | belief that Europe had emerged from a period of darkness |
| Enlightened veiw of god | "watchmaker"- deism |
| Enlightened ideas are based on the views of... | Locke and Hobbes |
| Least enlightened counrty before 1789 | France |
| Joshep II created _____ to watch over enlightened reforms | secret police |
| Largest free trade area before 1789 | France |
| Fredrick the Great did not... | abolish serfdom |
| Catherine the Great did what for Russian soceity | abolished serfdom |
| Enlightened monarchs do not... | emphasize their own divine right |
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