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Microbiology
Lab Review (#1, 2, 3, 4, 5) Only lab #6 to go
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Why do we heat fix smears in preparation for gram staining? | Preservation of morphology. Fix the sample in place. |
| What is the purpose of the Gram's Iodine in the stain procedure? | It is a mordant. Causes dyes to form within peptidoglycan of the cell wall. Gram (+) layer thicker, so dye is trapped in the wall. |
| What color should gram-positive bacteria be at the end of the staining procedure? | purple/dark blue |
| What color should gram-negative bacteria be at the end of the staining procedure? | red |
| Under which objective will the structure of the bacteria be visible? | 100x |
| What is the goal of streaking the plate in a zig zag pattern? | To isolate the sample (colony) |
| What is the appropriate orientation of an agar plate when placed in the incubator? Why? | bottom up/ lid down. To prevent condensation from ruining the sample. |
| List some ways of describing colony morphology. | Color-cream/tan, Form-irregular, circular, Elevation-flat, raised, Margin-undulate,entire, Wet/Dry |
| What type of bacteria will not grow on selective media MacConkey agar? | Gram (+) Bacteria is inhibited by bile salts/crystal violet |
| What will lactose fermenting positive colonies look like? | pink or red |
| What will lactose fermenting negative colonies look like? | colorless or clear |
| What agar is used for antibody sensitivity testing? | Mueller-Hinton agar |
| Why do we consult a chart when interpreting size of the zones of inhibition when performing antibody sensitivity testing? | Different antibiotics diffuse with agar and destroy different bacteria at different rates. The chart has it all calculated for specific parameters. |
| What is a name for a antibiotic sensitivity test? | Kirby-Bauer Disc Diffusion |
| What is hemolysis? | Destruction of red blood cells. Alpha-partial hemolysis. Green due to consumption of hemaglobin and destruction of red blood cells. Beta-complete hemolysis. Total break down. Gamma- No change (no hemolysis) |
| Define endospore. | a resistant asexual spore that develops inside some bacteria cells [_______O] (example: Tetanus) 0D |
| Borrelia burgdorferi | Lyme Disease tick-transmitted ( blacklegged tick (or deer tick, Ixodes scapularis) infection (spirochete) Must feed for at least 24 hours |
| Fungal Identification: DTM (Dermatophyte Test Media): What do you lightly cleanse the area with? | alcohol |
| Fungal Identification: DTM (Dermatophyte Test Media): From what part of the lesion do you obtain the sample? | the edge |
| Fungal Identification: DTM (Dermatophyte Test Media): Technique? | Sample should be gently placed on agar. Some should be lightly embedded in agar. Do not screw lid on tight. The sample if positive is an aerobic organism. |
| Fungal Identification: DTM (Dermatophyte Test Media): What temperature should the sample be incubated? | Room temperature. Dark area. Drawer works. |
| Fungal Identification: DTM (Dermatophyte Test Media): What color change if a dermatophyte grows? | From yellow to red |
| Fungal Identification: DTM (Dermatophyte Test Media): How often should it be checked for growth or color change? | Daily |
| Fungal Identification: DTM (Dermatophyte Test Media): Maximum days to observe growth? | 7 Saprophytic (environmental) fungi will grow in 7-9 days. |
| Fungal Identification: DTM (Dermatophyte Test Media): Positive color reactions can be caused by what besides dermatophytes? | Bacterial and nonpathogenic fungi can cause positive color reactions. |
| What is the most common dermatophyte identified for canine and feline? | Microsporum canis |
| What other tests can be done to examine a lesion or sample for ringworm spores or hyphae? | Black light (Wood's lamp) or |
| How long should a Wood's Lamp warm up before it is used? | 5 minutes |
| What is the Wood's lamp detecting in the hair? | hyphae |
| Are there other cells/materials on the skin that can fluoresce under a Wood's lamp and give a false positive? | Skin pigment disorders or other skin abnormalities, dry skin (dandruff) |
| Do ALL dermatopytes fluoresce under a Wood's lamp? | No, the the organism has to have reached the right stage of growth. |
| Name the species of a dermatophyte that causes ringworm and typically fluoresces? | Microsporum canis |
| What is Microsporum canus | dermatophyte fungi (looks similar to a seed pod with multiple compartments) |
| What is the most common fungus to affect the canine external ear canal? | Malassezia-Dark blue. Looks like a foot print. (in the process of budding. Yeast. |
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Raevyn1
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