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Children hematology
Patho quiz
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A 2-year-old male presented with growth and maturation retardation and splenomegaly. He died shortly after arriving at the ER. Autopsy revealed thalassemia secondary to defective: | hemoglobin synthesis. |
| A 1-year-old female is diagnosed with anemia secondary to insufficient erythropoiesis. The most likely cause is: | an iron deficiency. |
| A 12-mo toddler weighing 18 pounds is brought to the clinic because of weakness, slow physical growth, and developmental delays. His mother reports that the only food he will consume is cow’s milk. The symptoms support a diagnosis of which form of anemia? | Iron deficiency |
| A 16-month-old female presents with tachycardia, pallor, anorexia, and systolic murmur. The nurse is checking the lab results, and the hemoglobin determination indicates a level below _____ grams per deciliter. | 5. |
| Which mother-fetus combination is at most risk for a maternal-fetal blood incompatibility? | Mother is Rh-negative, and fetus is Rh-positive. |
| Which of the following amino acids is present in Hb S and not present in normal Hb? | Valine |
| In the United States, which group of people should be assessed first for sickle cell disease? | Blacks. |
| A mother has a child that is diagnosed with sickle cell anemia. While the mother does not have the disease, which characteristic of her genetic makeup is responsible for the child’s disease? | Hb S and Hb A |
| Sickled cells will be removed from circulation mostly by the: | spleen. |
| Which major symptom indicates to the nurse that patient diagnosed with sickle cell anemia is experiencing a vasoocclusive crisis? | Pain. |
| Which type of sickle cell crisis occurs only in young children? | Sequestration crisis. |
| A 6-year-old male presents with fatigue, jaundice, and irritability. A blood smear shows the presence of sickled cells. Erythropoiesis is compromised in this child; which crisis should the nurse monitor the patient for? | Aplastic crisis |
| What is the most likely cause of death associated with sickle cell disease? | Infection. |
| The alpha and beta thalassemias are inherited in an _____ fashion. | autosomal recessive. |
| Autopsy on a stillborn fetus reveals cardiomegaly, hepatomegaly, edema, and ascites as well as fulminant intrauterine congestive heart failure. Considering these findings, what is the most likely cause of death? | Alpha thalassemia major |
| If an infant has hydrops fetalis, which type of thalassemia does the nurse suspect? | Alpha major |
| Testing reveals that a child has hemophilia A. This bleeding disorder results from a deficiency in factor: | VIII. |
| By what other name is the clotting factor IX disorder, hemophilia B known as? | Christmas disease. |
| A 3-year-old child presents with bruising on the legs and trunk and a petechial rash. The mother also reports frequent nosebleeds. Lab tests reveal a decreased platelet count. This symptomology supports which medical diagnosis? | Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) |
| A 5-year-old male is diagnosed with immune thrombocytic purpura (ITP). What is the most common cause of this condition? | Virally induced antibody destruction of platelets. |
| Which of the following clusters of symptoms would lead the nurse to suspect a child has immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)? | Spontaneous nosebleeds, bruising, and petechiae |
| What is the most serious complication of immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)? | Intracranial bleeding |
| What is the most common form of childhood leukemia? | Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) |
| What is a priority assessment for Hodgkin lymphoma in children? | Painless adenopathy in cervical nodes |
| Which laboratory test will assist the nurse in identifying infants who are prone to develop hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN)? | Coombs. |
| A nurse is planning care for a child with iron deficiency anemia. Characteristics of iron deficiency anemia include which of the following? (select all that apply) | a. It is most common between the ages of 6 months and 2 years. c. It may be related to socioeconomic factors. e. It is difficult to diagnose in early stages. |
| A 5-year-old male is diagnosed with leukemia. Which of the following symptoms would the nurse expect? (select all that apply) | a. Fatigue c. Pallor d. Petechiae e. Fever |
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