Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
APHG Ch 12/13 Test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| theory that explains the distribution of services: settlements serve as centers of market areas for services; larger settlements are fewer/farther apart than smaller settlements & provide services for a larger number of people willing to travel further | central place theory |
| Central place theory seeks to explain how the most _________ location can be identified. | profitable |
| The other term sometimes used to refer to a market area | hinterland |
| the market center for the exchange of services by people attracted from the surrounding area | central place |
| the area surrounding a central place from which people are attracted to use the place's goods and services | market area |
| What shape does central place hypothesize for market area? Why? | hexagons - they're equidistant and don't leave gaps |
| the maximum distance people are willing to travel to use a service | range |
| An example of a service with a long range and one with a short range | long - concert; short - groceries |
| the minimum number of people needed to support a service | threshold |
| Why can't you count on all people within a market place to use a service? | some goods and services only appeal to certain consumers |
| Small settlements have services with _____ thresholds, ranges, and markets while large settlements have services with _____ thresholds, ranges, and market areas. | small; large |
| Who created the original study in central place theory? Where? | Walter Christaller; Southern Germany |
| Who documented central place theory in the US? Where? | Brian Berry; Midwest |
| The country's nth largest settlement is 1/n the population of the largest settlement | rank-size rule |
| When the largest city in a country is more than twice the size of the second city, it is a ___________ city. | primate |
| Geographers believe the best location for a service is a ______ minute drive. | 15 |
| The _______ _____ explains the optimal location is directly related to the number of people in the area and ______ related to the distance they must travel. | gravity model |
| a collection of individual vendors who come together to offer goods and services in a location on specified days (like a farmers market); these are most likely in developing countries and rural areas with sparse populations and low income | periodic market |
| What is a global city? | large cities that house large corporations and lots of businesses (ex. lawyers, accountants, finance) |
| Why do global cities have so many business services? | They're at the center of the flow of information and money |
| industries that sell their products or services primarily to consumers outside the settlement | basic industry |
| industries that sell their products primarily to consumers in the community | non-basic industry |
| the process of consolidating small land holdings into a smaller number of larger farms in England during the eighteenth century | enclosure movement |
| City-states provided what to the surrounding hinterlands (areas)? | public services and consumer services |
| Explain the difference between NUMBER of people living in large cities and the PERCENTAGE of people living in large cities as it relates to MDCs and LDCs. | The % of people living in urban settlements reflects a country's level of development. The most populated cities are in developing countries. |
| Examples of services: retail, education, health and social services, leisure/hospitality services | consumer services |
| Examples of services: professional services, financial services, transportation and information services | business services |
| Services that provide security and protection for citizens and businesses | public services |
| STUDY THE THREE MODELS OF DISTRIBUTION OF PEOPLE IN URBAN AREAS (CONCENTRIC, SECTOR, MULTIPLE NUCLEI) | |
| All cities have a ______ surrounded by a hinterland. | CBD |
| Factors for the development of cities: | agricultural surpluses, location to water, increasing populations, defense needs, religious reasons, trade requirements |
| As ____________ spread, so did urbanization. | industrialization |
| A _______ is a city with 10 million people; a _______ is a city with 20 million people | megacity; metacity |
| A group of super cities that have merged together into one large urban area | megalopolis |
| Problems in mega/metacities | high population density, poverty, limited resources |
| What is urban sprawl? | |
| What are edge cities? | a large node of office and retail activities on the edge of an urban area |
| What are the advantages of living in the inner-ring near the city center? | you're closer to the CBD and its services |
| an area within a city in a LDC in which people illegally establish residences on land they don't own or rent and make homemade structures | squatter settlements |
| What are the causes of squatter settlements? | housing shortage, migration, population increase |
| Peripheral Model/Galactic Model | Inner CBD, suburbs surround CBDs (edge cities), have offices, malls, etc. mixed in to service people, all tied together by beltways |
| Benefits of suburban life | less crime, better education, more individual space, less traffic |
| the process of areas expanding outwards, usually in the form of suburbs | urban sprawl |
| What is a basic industry? | Industry that exports to consumers outside the settlement. |
| What is a non-basic industry? | Enterprise whose customers live in the same community (consumer services). |
| What is the difference between rank size and primate city rules? | Rank size- 2nd largest city is about 1/2 of largest city's population (3rd largest city is 1/3 of largest city's population). Primate city- 2nd largest city is less than 1/2 the largest city's population. |
| What are the 2 most dominant global cities in the world? What is the largest urban settlement in the world? | London and New York; Tokyo |
| What is smart growth? | legislation and regulations to limit suburban sprawl and preserve farmland |
| # of houses per unit of land decreases as distance from the city increases | density gradient |
| In what two ways are suburban areas segregated? | social classes, land uses |
| What is a criticism of US suburbs? | low-income people and minorities are unable to live there because of the cost |
| drawing lines on a map to identify areas in which banks will refuse to loan money | redlining |
| the process by which middle class people move into deteriorated inner-city neighborhoods and renovate the housing | gentrification |
| What three groups are attracted to gentrified areas? | singles and couples with no children -DINKS (don't have to worry about bad schools), downtown workers (eliminates commute), people who like to socialize at night (bars, restaurants, the arts) gays/lesbians |
| Inner-city residents frequently are referred to as permanent ______ because they are trapped in an unending cycle of economic and social problems. | underclass |
| What financial crisis does the high proportion of low-income resident in the inner city create? | eroding tax base...lower-income inner-city people need more social services but can't pay the taxes needed to support these services |
| What is an ethnic enclave? | when different ethnic groups live in specific parts of a city |
| What is a difference in US and European low-income housing? | US no longer funding low-income housing because it invites crime and drugs; in Europe 1/5 of ALL housing is government owned |
| What are some sustainable design initiatives? | Mixed land use, walkability, smart-growth policies such as greenbelts and slow-growth cities |
| What are some New Urbanism design initiatives? | environmentally friendly, walkable neighborhoods, condos on top of shops/restaurants, etc. |
Created by:
aaswell