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vet life chap 1
chapter 1 terms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| anatomy | the form and structure of the body |
| phisiology | the function of the body and its parts |
| microscopic anatomy | deals with structures we can only see with a microscope such as cells and tissue |
| gross anatomy (microscope) | deals with body parts we can see with the naked eye such as organs, muscles, and bones |
| submicroscope | deals with components that make up cells, and chemical molecules and ions in the body |
| sketal | bones and joints |
| integumentary | skin, hair nails, hooves |
| nervous | central nervous system and peripheral nerves |
| cardiovascular | heart and blood vessels |
| respiratory | lung and air passageways |
| digestive | gastrointestinal tube and accessory digestive organs |
| muscular | skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle |
| sensory | organs of general and specific senses |
| endocrine | endocrine glands and hormones |
| urinary | kidney, uterus, urinary bladder, and urethra |
| reproductive | male and female reproductive structures |
| sagittal plane | runs the length of the body and divides it into left and right sides, not always equal |
| median plane | runs down the center of the body length wise and divides equal left and right halves |
| transverse plane | plane across the body that divides the cranial (head) and caudal (tail) parts, not always equal |
| dorsal plane | plane that divides the body into the dorsal (toward back) and ventral (towards belly), not always equal |
| carpus | wrist |
| tarsus | ankle |
| palmer | hand |
| planter | foot |
| rosstal | nose |
| cranial | head |
| caudial | tail |
| medial | towards median plane |
| lateral | away from median plane |
| deep | towards center of body |
| superficial | towards surface |
| distal | away from center of body |
| proximal | towards center of body |
| barrel | rib cage and abdomen (trunk) |
| brisket | area at base of neck between front legs (chest) |
| cannon | large metatarsal bone on hoofed animals (forearm) |
| fetlock | joint between cannon bone and proximal phalanx of hoofed animals (wrist joint) |
| flank | lateral surface of abdomen between last rib and hind legs |
| hock | tarsus (calves) |
| knee | carpus of hoofed animals |
| muzzle | rostal part of face formed by maxillary and nasal bones |
| maxillary | attached to jaw or jawbone, especially the upper jaw |
| pastern | area of a proximal phalanx of hoofed animals (top of foot) |
| phalanx | a bone of the finger or toe |
| poll | top of head between the bases of the ears |
| stifle | fermorotible/femoropatellar joint (human knee) |
| tailhead | dorsal part of the base of the tail |
| withers | area dorsal to scapulas |
| scapulas | shoulder blade |
| dorsal body cavity | contains brain and spinal cord, the central nervous system |
| cranial cavity | area between the skull bones and brain, protects brain, known as cranium |
| spinal cavity | formed from vertebrae of the spine, protects spinal cord |
| ventral body cavity | contains soft organs of body (viscera) |
| viscera | soft organs of body |
| cranial thoracic cavity (thorax) | chest, diaphragm muscle divides ventral body cavity |
| caudal abdomen cavity | abdomen |
| thoracic cavity | heart, lungs, esophagus, and many major blood vessels coming and going from the heart |
| pleura | thin membrane that covers thoracic cavity |
| visceral layer of pleura | layer that covers organs in the thoracic cavity |
| parietal layer of pleura | lines the whole thoracic cavity |
| pleural fluid | lubricating fluid between both layers, ensures two surfaces slide easily when breathing |
| pleurites or pleurisy | pleural surfaces become thickened and roughened by inflammation, makes it hard to breath |
| abdomen cavity | digestive, urinary, and reproductive organs |
| peritoneum | thin membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and its contents |
| visceral layer of peritoneum | layer that covers the organs in the abdominal cavity |
| peritoneal | lines abdominal cavity |
| peritonitis | inflammation of the peritoneum, usually comes from wound penetrating the abdominal cavity |
| cells | smallest subdivisions of the body that are capable of life |
| single-cell animals | animals that carry out life functions necessary to support itself such as grow, respond to stimuli, seek out/engulf/absorb food, eliminate waste, and reproduce. Cannot influence environment |
| complex animals | an animal in which the cells divide the work, must create and support an internal environment that allows the cells to live and function. cells specialize in different functions, all cells must do their job and rely on each other to ensure survival |
| body tissues | specialized cells grouped together to create a type of material |
| epithelial tissue | tissue composed only of cells; covers and protects (surfaces), secretes (glands), absorbs (intestinal lining) |
| connective tissue | tissue composed of living cells and non-living intercellular substances; binds cells and structures together and supports the body |
| muscle tissue | sketal (voluntary), cardiac (heart), smooth (involuntary); movements |
| nervous tissue | composed of nerve cells (neurons) and supporting cells; transmits info around body; coordinates and controls activities |
| organs | made up of groups of tissues that work together for a common purpose |
| systems | groups of organs that are involved in a common set of activites |
| health | a state of normal anatomy and physiology, proper functioning of the systems, organs, tissues, and cells |
| homeostasis | maintenance of a dynamic equilibrium in the body, monitors and adjusts bodily functions |
| dynamic | activity, energy, work |
| equilibrium | balance |
| fight-or-flight system | prepares body for intense physical activity |
| xiphoid process | the third and lowest segment of the human sternum |
| superior | situated above or anterior or dorsal to another and especially a corresponding part |
| anterior | towards the head |
| adipose | of or relating to animal fat |
| bilateral symmetry | symmetry in which similar anatomical parts are arranged on opposite sides of a median axis so that only one plane can divide the individual into essentially identical halves |
Created by:
tiffels
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