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Antihypertension
NUR
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is peripheral resistance? | Friction in arteries as blood flows through the vascular system. The greater the resistance, the higher the B/P. |
| What regulates blood pressure? | The vasomotor center, baroreceptors, and chemoreceptors. |
| Enviromental factors of B/P? | Tobacco use, high-fat diets, odesity, excessive sodium intake, alcohol consumption, and a sedentary lifestyle. |
| Primary Antihypertensive Agents are: | Diuretics, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers, beta-adrenergic antagonists, and calcium channel blockers. |
| Secondary Antihypertensive Agents are: | Alpha 1-adrenergic antagonists, Alpha 2-agonists, and direct-acting vasodilators. |
| Key Assessments for Calcium Channel Blockers: | 1)ECG 2)B/P 3)Heart rate 4)Blood and urine specimens 5)Watch for dizziness, headache, and flushing 6)Avoid drinking grapefruit juice |
| Calcium Channel Blocker: nifedipine (Procardia) | The action is to cause vasodilation, decreasing B/P. The primary use is for hypertension and angina. SE: dizziness, headache, flushing. |
| Key Assessments for Renin-Angiotensins: | 1)Angioedema (swelling of neck and face) 2)Ticling, nonproductive cough |
| ACE Inhibitors: enalapril (Vasotec) | The action is to decrease blood volume. The primary use is for hypertension. SE:Persistent cough and hypotension. |
| ARBs (Angiotensin-Receptor Blockers): losartan potassium (Cozar) | The action is to block angiotensin receptors in arterial smooth muscle and adrenal glands. Used for hypertension. SE: Hypotension. |
| Key Assessment Points for Adrenergic Antagoists: | 1)Hold med if pulse is below 60 and B/P is below 90/60 2)ECG, heart rate, and rhythm 3)Watch for heart block and rebound hypertension. |
| Adrenergic Antagonists: doxazosin (Cardura) | The action is to block affects of the sympathetic nervous system leading to vasodilation. Used for hypertension. SE: Orthostatic hypotension, dizziness, nausea, bradycardia, and dry mouth. |
| Key Assessment Points for Direct Vasodilators: | 1)Contraindicated for CAD, rheumatic mitral-valve disease, cerebrovascular disease, renal insufficiency, and systemic lupus erythematosus. |
| IV: | 1)Priapism 2)Diazoxide (Hyperstat): monitor water and sodium output. 3)Minoxidil (Loniten): monitor for orthohypotension. 4)Nitroprusside: only mix w/5% dextrose in water, drug i s very light sensitive, and used in emergencies during labor and delivery. |
| Direct Vasodilators: hydralazine (Apresoline) | The action is to cause vasodilation by direct relaxation of arterial smooth muscle. It is used for severe hypertension and hypertension crisis. SE: Reflex tachycardia, sodium, and fluid retention. |
Created by:
ke123
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