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chapter 5,7,9
fundamental of management
Question | Answer |
---|---|
the formal arrangement of jobs within an organization. | Organizational Structure |
arranging and structuring work to accomplish an organization’s goals. | Organizing |
The degree to which tasks in the organization are divided into separate jobs with each step completed by a different person | Work Specialization |
the continuous line of authority that extends from upper levels of an organization to the lowest levels of the organization—clarifies who reports to whom | Chain of Command |
the number of employees who can be effectively and efficiently supervised by a manager. | Span of Control |
Low departmentalization, wide spans of control, centralized authority, little formalization | Simple structure |
Groups that are independently formed to meet the social needs of their members | Informal groups |
the second stage of group development, characterized by intragroup conflict | Storming stage |
standards or expectations that are accepted and shared by a group’s members | Norms |
the view that all conflict is bad and must be avoided. | Traditional view of conflict |
a type of work team that operates without a manager and is responsible for a complete work process or segment. | Self-managed work team |
the process of monitoring, comparing, and correcting work performance | Controlling |
Control systems provide managers with information and feedback on employee performance. | Empowering employees |
the acceptable parameters of variance between actual performance and the standard | Range of variation |
corrective action that looks at how and why performance deviated before correcting the source of deviation | Basic corrective action |
control that takes place before a work activity is done. | Feed forward control |
a performance measurement tool that examines more than just the financial perspective | Balanced scorecard |