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Speech Therapy
Peripheral Nervous System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which nerves are involved in the Peripheral Nervous System | Includes all nervous tissue outside of CNS; Includes cranial nerves, spinal nerves that exit the spinal cord, and all nerves that connect with either of these |
| What is the name of cranial nerve I? | Olfactory nerve |
| What is the function of cranial nerve I? | Function of nerve: Nerve that controls sense of smell |
| What is the name of cranial nerve II? | Optic nerve |
| What is the function of cranial nerve II? | Function of nerve: Vision |
| What is the name of cranial nerve III? | Oculomotor nerve |
| What is the function of cranial nerve III? | Function of nerve: Innervates muscles that move the eyeball, pupil, and upper eyelid |
| What is the name of cranial nerve IV? | Trochlear nerve |
| What is the function of cranial nerve IV? | Function of nerve: Innervates the superior oblique muscle of the eye |
| What is the name of cranial nerve V? | Trigeminal nerve |
| What is the function of cranial nerve V? | Function of nerve: Primarily responsible for chewing and facial sensation. Partially responsible for soft palate movement and Eustachian tube function. |
| What is the name of cranial nerve VI? | Abducens |
| What is the function of cranial nerve VI? | Function of nerve: Abducts the eye away from the nose |
| What is the name of cranial nerve VII? | Facial Nerve |
| What is the function of cranial nerve VII? | Function of nerve: Movement of facial muscles; taste & salivary gland function |
| What is the name of cranial nerve VIII? | Acoustic Vestibular nerve (aka Vestibulocochlear) |
| What is the function of cranial nerve VIII? | Function of nerve: Hearing and balance |
| What is the name of cranial nerve IX? | Glossopharyngeal nerve |
| What is the function of cranial nerve IX? | Function of nerve: Taste, innervates Stylopharyngeus and maybe part of the middle constrictor, and some salivary glands. Very important nerve for swallowing |
| What is the name of cranial nerve X? | Vagus nerve |
| What is the function of cranial nerve X? | Function of nerve: Involved in taste, swallowing, elevation of the velum, phonation, cardiac function, respiration and digestive systems |
| What is the name of cranial nerve XI? | Accessory nerve (aka Spinal accessory) |
| What is the function of cranial nerve XI? | Function of nerve: Innervates neck and shoulder muscles, maybe Musculus uvula and levator veli palatini. |
| What is the name of cranial nerve XII? | Hypoglossal nerve |
| What is the function of cranial nerve XII? | Tongue movement |
| What are the names of the Cranial nerves? | [OOOTTAFAGVH] On Old Olympus’ Towering Top, A Finn And German Viewed Some Hops Olfactory Optic Oculomotor Trochlear Trigeminal Abducens Facial Acoustic-Vestibular:[AKA Vestibulocochlear] Vagus Accessory Hypoglossal |
| Name the function of each cranial nerve--sensory, motor or both? | Some Say Marry Money But My Brother Says Big Brains Matter More. I sensory II sensory III motor IV motor V sensory and motor VI motor VII sensory and motor VIII sensory IX sensory and motor X sensory and motor XI motor XII motor |
| All motor tracts are efferent or afferent? | Efferent (descending) |
| All sensory tracts are efferent or afferent? | Afferent (ascending) |
| Where do cranial nerves originate? | nuclei in the CNS |
| What are the nerves involved in speech production? | CN V: Trigeminal- Jaw muscles CN VII: Facial- Muscles of the face CN IX: Glossopharyngeal- Stylopharyngeus CN X: Vagus- palatal and laryngeal CN XII: Hypoglossal- tongue movement |
| What is the Lateral innervation of CN V: Trigeminal | Ipsilateral |
| What is the Lateral innervation of CN VII: Facial | Ipsilateral and contralateral (aka bilateral innervation- more life sustaining) |
| What is the Lateral innervation of CN IX: Glossopharyngeal | Ipsilateral |
| What is the Lateral innervation of CN XII: Hypoglossal | Ipsilateral and contralateral (or bilateral innervation- more life sustaining) |
| what are the Nerves for respiration | A. Diaphragm: CN X Vagus B. All other muscles of inhalation & exhalation: spinal nerves |
| what are the Nerves for Phonation | A. Extrinsic muscles: - suprahyoids: CN V, CN VII, CN XII - infrahyoids: CN XII B. Intrinsic muscles: CN X |
| what are the Nerves for Articulation | A. Palatal & pharyngeal muscles: CN IX, CN X, CN XI; B. Tongue Muscles: - Intrinsic: CN XII - Extrinsic: CN V, CN XII, CN XII C. Facial muscles: CN VII D. Muscles of Mastication: CN V |
| The Diaphragm is innervated by which nerve? | CN X- Vagus |
| All muscles of inhalation & exhalation besides the diaphragm are innervated by which nerve(s)? | spinal nerves |
| Which nerves innervate with the suprahyoids extrinsic muscles of Phonation | CN V, CN VII, CN XII |
| Which nerves innervate with the infrahyoids extrinsic muscles of Phonation | CN XII |
| Which nerves innervate the Intrinsic muscles of phonation: | CN X |
| Which nerves innervate with the Palatal & pharyngeal muscles: | CN IX, CN X, CN XI |
| Which nerves innervate with Intrinsic Tongue Muscles | CN XII |
| Which nerves innervate with Extrinsic Tongue Muscles | CN V, CN VII, CN XII |
| Which nerves innervate with Facial muscles | CN VII |
| Which nerves innervate with Muscles of Mastication: | CN V |
| What is the Major pathway for all voluntary movement? | The pyramidal system? |
| What are the 2 separate tracts for the Pyramidal system? | Corticospinal & Corcicobulbar |
| Where do the Corticospinal fibers originate? | Cerebral Cortex |
| What is the path of the Corticospinal fibers? | From the cerebral cortex to different levels of the spinal cord. Passes through the subcortical areas to the brain stem |
| Approximately what % of Corticospinal fibers decussate? | In the medulla, approximately 85 – 90% of the fibers from each side decussate |
| What happens to Corticospinal fibers that don’t decussate? | They continue down the same side |
| What do the Corticospinal fibers synapse with? | Spinal nerves in the anterior portion of the spinal cord |
| Why are Corticospinal tracts important in terms of speech? | Innervation of muscles of respiration |
| What tract innervates all muscles of speech other that respiration ? | Corticobulbar |
| Where do the Corticobulbar fibers originate? | in the cortex |
| What is the path of the Corticobulbar fibers? | Pass through the subcortical areas to the brainstem |
| What do the Corticobulbar fibers synapse with? | cranial nerve nuclei |
| What type of innervation does the Corticobulbar have? | bilateral innervation (fibers from both sides of the brain), so that synchronous movement can occur |
| What Provides a safety margin for life sustaining activities? | Corticobulbar |
| What are the indirect motor pathways that are not under voluntary control? | Extrapyramidal System |
| Complex set of motor pathways that connect clusters of subcortical nuclei (including the basal nuclei) | Extrapyramidal System |
| Interacts with the pyramidal system to provide smooth motor movements | Extrapyramidal System |
| Damage to this system causes involuntary movements and postures and conditions like (cerebral palsy) | Extrapyramidal System |
| Involuntary system that interacts with both the pyramidal and Extrapyramidal systems to provide smooth coordination of rapid, alternating movements | Cerebellar System |
| Cerebellar System Receives sensory info from brain via the | peduncles |
| what parts of the brain does the Cerebellar System have connections to? | The thalamus and basal nuclei |
| Which system is susceptible to drug use? | Cerebellar System |
| System refines motor system so you can produce smooth movements | Cerebellar System |
| Refines accuracy of movement & inhibits unwanted movement | Extrapyramidal System |
Created by:
wyhanes
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