click below
click below
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Sport 1.3
1.3 Know about the components of fitness and the principles of training
Term | Definition |
---|---|
aerobic endurance | The ability of the cardiorespiratory system to work efficiently over a period of time to supply nutrients and oxygen to working muscles. |
muscular endurance | The ability of the muscular system to work efficiently over a period of time against a light to moderate fixed resistance. |
flexibility | Having an adequate range of motion in all joints of the body. |
speed | Distance travelled divided by time taken, measured in metres per second. |
accelerative speed | Speed in sprints up to 30 metres. |
pure speed | Speed in sprints up to 60 metres. |
speed endurance | Speed in sprints with a short recovery period in-between. |
muscular strength | The maximum force that can be generated by a muscle or muscle group. |
body composition | The relative ratio of fat mass to fat-free mass in the body. |
agility | The ability of a sports performer to quickly and precisely move or change direction without losing balance or time. |
balance | The ability to maintain centre of mass over a base of support. It can be static or dynamic. |
static balance | The ability to balance while stationary. |
dynamic balance | The ability to balance whilst in motion or switching positions. |
coordination | The ability to use different parts of the body together smoothly and efficiently. |
power | The combined product of strength and speed. |
reaction time | The time taken to respond to a stimulus. |
intensity | The ..... of training is often measured by heart rate in beats per minute (bpm). |
maximum heart rate | This measurement can be estimated as 220 bpm minus age in years. |
recommended training zone | This is set at 60-85% of maximum heart rate for cardiovascular training. |
adaptation | The body’s increased ability to cope with the demands of training. |
progressive overload | The principle that training needs to be made progressively more demanding in order to cause adaptation. |
rest and recovery | This is required for adaptation to occur, in order to give the body time make physical adaptations. |
reversibility | The loss of desired adaptation to training, when it is stopped for too long or is not demanding enough. |